The effect of conductor expressivity on choral ensemble evaluation

Visual information can contribute significantly to the opinion one makes, the meaning one ascribes, and the interpretation one derives from musical information. An ongoing series of studies has examined whether a conductor's use of gesture in a manner considered either "expressive" or "inexpressive" affects listeners' evaluations of an ensemble performance. Prior results have indicated that among university music students instrumental performances led by conductors deemed to be expressive were evaluated more positively than those led by inexpressive conductors even when the performances were actually identical. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether a similar response pattern would be observed (a) among younger and less experienced music students and (b) for choral performance examples, as well as (c) to compare responses against evaluations of performances presented in an audio-only condition.