@article{62d935a6326c479d814e20289b145b8d,
title = "The Effect of Discrimination and Resilience on Depressive Symptoms Among Middle-Aged and Older Men Who Have Sex With Men",
abstract = "This study investigated the associations between homophobic and racist discrimination and increased depressive symptoms among 960 middle-aged and older men who have sex with men (MSM) and how resilience moderated these relationships. We used five waves of longitudinal data from the Healthy Aging substudy of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). We used linear regression analyses to model depressive symptoms as a function of discrimination.We used linearmixed analyses tomodel changes inmean resilience scores across visits.We used linear regression analyses to model depressive symptoms as a function of changes in resilience and to test the moderation effects of resilience on the relationship between discrimination and depressive symptoms. The models accounted for repeated measures of resilience. Men who experienced external and internal homophobia had greater depressive symptoms, β: 2.08; 95% CI [0.65, 3.51]; β: 1.60; 95% CI [0.76, 2.44]. Men experienced significant changes in mean resilience levels across visits (F = 2.84, p =.02).Men with a greater positive change in resilience had lower depressive symptoms, β: −0.95; 95% CI [−1.47, −0.43]. Men with higher average resilience levels had lower depressive symptoms, β: −5.08; 95% CI [−5.68, −4.49]. Men{\textquoteright}s resilience did not moderate the relationship between homophobia and depressive symptoms. Significant associations of external and internal homophobia with greater depressive symptoms present targets for future research and interventions amongmiddle-aged and olderMSM. Significant associations of average and positive changes in resilience with lower depressive symptoms provide aims for future research and interventions with this population.",
keywords = "Aging, Depression, Discrimination, Men who have sex with men, Resilience",
author = "Brown, {Andre L.} and Matthews, {Derrick D.} and Steven Meanley and Mark Brennan-Ing and Sabina Haberlen and Gypsyamber D{\textquoteright}Souza and Deanna Ware and James Egan and Steve Shoptaw and Teplin, {Linda A.} and Friedman, {Mackey R.} and Michael Plankey",
note = "Funding Information: The contents of this article are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health (NIH).Multicenter Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Cohort Study/Women{\textquoteright}s Interagency Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Study (MACS/WIHS) Combined Cohort Study (MWCCS) (Principal Investigators): Atlanta Clinical Research Site (CRS; Ighovwerha Ofotokun, Anandi Sheth, and Gina Wingood), U01-HL146241; Baltimore CRS (Todd Brown and Joseph Margolick), U01-HL146201; Bronx CRS (Kathryn Anastos and Anjali Sharma), U01-HL146204; Brooklyn CRS (Deborah Gustafson and Tracey Wilson), U01-HL146202; Data Analysis and Coordination Center (Gypsyamber D{\textquoteright}Souza, Stephen Gange and Elizabeth Golub), U01-HL146193; Chicago-Cook County CRS (Mardge Cohen and Audrey French), U01-HL146245; Chicago-Northwestern CRS (Steven Wolinsky), U01-HL146240; Connie Wofsy Women{\textquoteright}s HIV Study, Northern California CRS (Bradley Aouizerat, Phyllis Tien, and Jennifer Price), U01-HL146242; Los Angeles CRS (Roger Detels), U01-HL146333; Los Angeles Center for HIV Identification, Prevention, and Treatment Services (CHIPTS; Steve Shoptaw), P30-MH058107; Metropolitan Washington CRS (Seble Kassaye and Daniel Merenstein), U01-HL146205; Miami CRS (Maria Alcaide, Margaret Fischl, and Deborah Jones), U01-HL146203; Pittsburgh CRS (Jeremy Martinson and Charles Rinaldo), U01-HL146208; University of Alabama at Birmingham-Mississippi (UAB-MS) CRS (Mirjam-Colette Kempf, Jodie Dionne-Odom, and Deborah Konkle-Parker), U01-HL146192; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC) CRS (Adaora Adimora), U01-HL146194. The MWCCS is funded primarily by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), with additional cofunding from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National—Institute Of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD), National Institute On Aging (NIA), National Institute Of Dental & Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institute Of Allergy And Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institute Of Neurological Disorders And Stroke (NINDS), National Institute Of Mental Health (NIMH), National Institute On Drug Abuse (NIDA), National Institute Of Nursing Research (NINR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institute onAlcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA),National Institute on Deafness andOther CommunicationDisorders (NIDCD), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIMHD), and in coordination and alignmentwith the research priorities of the National Institutes ofHealth,Office of AIDS Research (OAR). MWCCS data collection is also supported by UL1-TR000004 (University of California San Francisco Clinical and Translational Science Award), P30-AI-050409 (Atlanta Center for AIDS Research [CFAR]), P30-AI-050410 (UNC CFAR), and P30-AI-027767 (UAB CFAR). The authors are indebted to the participants of the MACS Healthy Aging Study. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 American Psychological Association",
year = "2022",
doi = "10.1037/sah0000327",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "7",
pages = "113--121",
journal = "Stigma and Health",
issn = "2376-6972",
publisher = "American Psychological Association",
number = "1",
}
