Abstract
The Pixel Luminosity Telescope is a silicon pixel detector dedicated to luminosity measurement at the CMS experiment at the LHC. It is located approximately 1.75 m from the interaction point and arranged into 16 “telescopes”, with eight telescopes installed around the beam pipe at either end of the detector and each telescope composed of three individual silicon sensor planes. The per-bunch instantaneous luminosity is measured by counting events where all three planes in the telescope register a hit, using a special readout at the full LHC bunch-crossing rate of 40 MHz. The full pixel information is read out at a lower rate and can be used to determine calibrations, corrections, and systematic uncertainties for the online and offline measurements. This paper details the commissioning, operational history, and performance of the detector during Run 2 (2015–18) of the LHC, as well as preparations for Run 3, which will begin in 2022.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Article number | 673 |
| Journal | European Physical Journal C |
| Volume | 83 |
| Issue number | 7 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Jul 2023 |
Funding
We congratulate our colleagues in the CERN accelerator departments for the excellent performance of the LHC and thank the technical and administrative staffs at CERN and at CMS institutes worldwide for their contributions to the success of the CMS effort. We thank the CERN bonding laboratory, in particular Florentina Manolescu and Ian McGill; the LHC operations team, in particular Michi Hostettler and Jorg Wenninger; the CMS technical coordination team, for their help during operations; the CMS tracker project for their support with the services; the CMS cooling team for the maintenance of the cooling system and quality control on the cooling connections; and the CMS engineering and integration office for their work in routing and supervision of the installation of the cooling services in LS1. We acknowledge the enduring support for the construction and operation of the CMS BRIL detectors by the following institutes and funding agencies: CERN; the Secretariat for Higher Education, Science, Technology and Innovation (Ecuador); the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), and Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren (HGF) (Germany); the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA) and the National Research, Development and Innovation Office (NKFIH) (Hungary); the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) (Italy); the Mexican National Council for Science and Technology (CONACYT) (Mexico); the Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment (New Zealand); the US CMS operations program, the US National Science Foundation (NSF), and the US Department of Energy (DOE) (USA). Individuals have received support from NKFIH research grants K 124845, K 128713, K 143460, and TKP2021-NKTA-64 (Hungary), the US NSF research grants NSF-2121686, PHY-1945366, PHY-2111554, and PHY-2209460, and the US DOE Office of High Energy Physics awards DE-AC02-07CH11359, DE-SC0011845, and DE-SC0020267 (USA).
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Engineering (miscellaneous)
- Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous)