Abstract
Epidemiological studies have consistently reported that depressive and anxiety disorders co-occur frequently. This paper reviews the evidence for three models that have been proposed to explain the relation between these two conditions - the tripartite, the approach-withdrawal, and valence-arousal models. Specifically, we focus on predictions that the three models generate for cross-sectional studies, prospective and family/twin studies of personality, and EEG studies. In sum, no model was strongly supported across all types of studies, though specific aspects of each model were. Because of the heterogeneity of depression and anxiety disorders, a model with 2-4 factors or dimensions may not be sufficient to explain the relation between the two conditions.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 605-637 |
| Number of pages | 33 |
| Journal | Clinical Psychology Review |
| Volume | 23 |
| Issue number | 4 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Jul 2003 |
Funding
Daniel N. Klein was supported by NIMH grant R01 MH45757. Stewart A. Shankman was supported by a NIMH NRSA grant F31 MH67309. We gratefully acknowledge Joanne Davila, Turhan Canli, and Tom D'Zurilla for their comments on a previous draft of this manuscript.
Keywords
- Anxiety
- Anxious apprehension
- Anxious arousal
- Approach withdrawal
- Depression
- Tripartite
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Psychiatry and Mental health
- Clinical Psychology