The Soybean Lipoxygenase-Substrate Complex: Correlation between the Properties of Tunneling-Ready States and ENDOR-Detected Structures of Ground States

Adam R. Offenbacher*, Ajay Sharma, Peter E. Doan, Judith P. Klinman, Brian M. Hoffman

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

20 Scopus citations

Abstract

Hydrogen tunneling in enzymatic C-H activation requires a dynamical sampling among ground-state enzyme-substrate (E-S) conformations, which transiently generates a tunneling-ready state (TRS). The TRS is characterized by a hydrogen donor-acceptor distance (DAD) of 2.7 Å, ∼0.5 Å shorter than the dominant DAD of optimized ground states. Recently, a high-resolution, 13C electron-nuclear double-resonance (ENDOR) approach was developed to characterize the ground-state structure of the complex of the linoleic acid (LA) substrate with soybean lipoxygenase (SLO). The resulting enzyme-substrate model revealed two ground-state conformers with different distances between the target C11 of LA and the catalytically active cofactor [Fe(III)-OH]: the active conformer "a", with a van der Waals DAD of 3.1 Å between C11 and metal-bound hydroxide, and an inactive conformer "b", with a distance that is almost 1 Å longer. Herein, the structure of the E-S complex is examined for a series of six variants in which subtle structural modifications of SLO have been introduced either at a hydrophobic side chain near the bound substrate or at a remote residue within a protein network whose flexibility influences hydrogen transfer. A remarkable correlation is found between the ENDOR-derived population of the active ground-state conformer a and the kinetically derived differential enthalpic barrier for D versus H transfer, ΔEa, with the latter increasing as the fraction of conformer a decreases. As proposed, ΔEa provides a "ruler" for the DAD within the TRS. ENDOR measurements further corroborate the previous identification of a dynamical network coupling the buried active site of SLO to the surface. This study shows that subtle imperfections within the initial ground-state structures of E-S complexes are accompanied by compromised geometries at the TRS.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)901-910
Number of pages10
JournalBiochemistry
Volume59
Issue number7
DOIs
StatePublished - Feb 25 2020

Funding

Financial support was provided by the National Institutes of Health (NIH): Grants GM111097 to B.M.H. and GM025765 to J.P.K. A.R.O. was supported by NIH Grant GM113432.

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Biochemistry

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