The special needs of children

Pediatric EMS calls create anxiety for field clinicians. The Pediatric Assessment Triangle can provide patient evaluation techniques allowing clinicians to develop a general impression of the child and to determine if emergency treatment and transport is needed. Vital signs in children change with age, so having a simple tool or table can replace the need for memorization. Since drug doses and equipment also change with age and weight, a length-based tape or other tool can provide needed information. Approaching infants and children in a calm manner, using distraction, with the presence of their parents/caregivers, makes pediatric assessment easier. As children get older, use their verbal skills, establish trust, and respect privacy. For a child with special health care needs, ask the parents or caregivers about the child's baseline and use their expertise. Medicolegal issues may develop during pediatric EMS runs, and understanding your state's emancipated and mature minor rules, and the conditions needed for implied consent, are critical.