The use of nanoarrays for highly sensitive and selective detection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in plasma

Ki Bum Lee, Eun Young Kim, Chad A. Mirkin*, Steven M. Wolinsky

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

228 Scopus citations

Abstract

Arrays of antibodies with well-defined feature size and spacing are necessary for developing highly sensitive and selective immunoassays to detect macromolecules in complex solutions. Here we report the application of nanometer-scale antibody array-based analysis to determine the presence of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in blood samples. Dip-pen nanolithography (DPN) was used to generate nanoscale patterns of antibodies against the HIV-1 p24 antigen on a gold surface. Feature sizes were less than 100-nanometers, and the activity of the antibody was preserved. HIV-1 p24 antigen in plasma obtained directly from HIV-1-infected patients was hybridized to the antibody array in situ, and the bound protein was hybridized to a gold antibody-functionalized nanoparticle probe for signal enhancement. The nanoarray features in the three-component sandwich assay were confirmed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Demonstration of measurable amounts of HIV-1 p24 antigen in plasma obtained from men with less than 50 copies of RNA per ml of plasma (corresponding to 0.025 pg per ml) illustrates that the nanoarray-based assay can exceed the limit of detection of conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-based immunoassays (5 pg per ml of plasma) by more than 1000-fold.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)1869-1872
Number of pages4
JournalNano letters
Volume4
Issue number10
DOIs
StatePublished - Oct 2004

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Bioengineering
  • General Chemistry
  • General Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Mechanical Engineering

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