Thermal and dynamical equilibrium in two-component star clusters

We present the results of Monte Carlo simulations for the dynamical evolution of star clusters containing two stellar populations with individual masses m₁ and m₂ > m₁, and total masses M₁ and M₂ < M₁. We use both King and Plummer model initial conditions, and we perform simulations for a wide range of individual and total mass ratios, m₂/m₁ and M₂/M₁. We ignore the effects of binaries, stellar evolution, and the galactic tidal field. The simulations use N = 10⁵ stars and follow the evolution of the clusters until core collapse. We find that the departure from energy equipartition in the core follows approximately the theoretical predictions of Spitzer and Lightman & Fall, and we suggest a more exact condition that is based on our results. We find good agreement with previous results obtained by other methods regarding several important features of the evolution, including the precollapse distribution of heavier stars, the timescale on which equipartition is approached, and the extent to which core collapse is accelerated by a small subpopulation of heavier stars. We briefly discuss the possible implications of our results for the dynamical evolution of primordial black holes and neutron stars in globular clusters.