Thin film ferroelectric photonic crystals and their application to thermo-optic switches

Pao Tai Lin; Alexandra Imre; Leonidas E. Ocola; B. W. Wessels

doi:10.1016/j.optcom.2009.03.063

Thin film ferroelectric photonic crystals and their application to thermo-optic switches

Pao Tai Lin, Alexandra Imre, Leonidas E. Ocola, B. W. Wessels^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Materials Science and Engineering

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

6 Scopus citations

Abstract

Two-dimensional photonic crystals (PhC) using epitaxial ferroelectric, barium titanate (BTO) thin films as the dielectric medium were fabricated and their thermo-optical response measured and compared to theory. The nanopatterned PhC consists of a square array of air holes 300 nm deep, a period of 780 nm and area 200 × 200 μm². The large refractive index of BTO leads to a high contrast structure that shows strong optical diffraction. Optical diffraction is analyzed along the 〈1 0〉 and 〈1 1〉 directions from phase grating measurements. The thermal tunability of BTO PhC is characterized from the attenuation of the first order diffraction. There is a 3 dB extinction ratio when the temperature increases by 120 °C, which corresponds to an increase of 0.05 in the BTO refractive index. Finite difference time domain (FDTD) technique is used to calculate the PhC band structure and the temperature dependence of the diffraction efficiency. The large change in the diffraction efficiency indicates that thermally tunable BTO PhCs may be useful as active ultra-compact photonic switches.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	3364-3367
Number of pages	4
Journal	Optics Communications
Volume	282
Issue number	16
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2009.03.063
State	Published - Aug 15 2009

Funding

This work was supported by the National Science Foundation through ECS Grant No. 0123469 and ECCS-0801684. Focused ion beam fabrication was done at the Center for Nanoscale Materials (CNM) at Argonne National Laboratory, supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. Use of the central facilities of the Materials Research Center at Northwestern University funded by the NSF (Grant No. DMR 0076097) is acknowledged.

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
Electrical and Electronic Engineering

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10.1016/j.optcom.2009.03.063

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title = "Thin film ferroelectric photonic crystals and their application to thermo-optic switches",

abstract = "Two-dimensional photonic crystals (PhC) using epitaxial ferroelectric, barium titanate (BTO) thin films as the dielectric medium were fabricated and their thermo-optical response measured and compared to theory. The nanopatterned PhC consists of a square array of air holes 300 nm deep, a period of 780 nm and area 200 × 200 μm2. The large refractive index of BTO leads to a high contrast structure that shows strong optical diffraction. Optical diffraction is analyzed along the 〈1 0〉 and 〈1 1〉 directions from phase grating measurements. The thermal tunability of BTO PhC is characterized from the attenuation of the first order diffraction. There is a 3 dB extinction ratio when the temperature increases by 120 °C, which corresponds to an increase of 0.05 in the BTO refractive index. Finite difference time domain (FDTD) technique is used to calculate the PhC band structure and the temperature dependence of the diffraction efficiency. The large change in the diffraction efficiency indicates that thermally tunable BTO PhCs may be useful as active ultra-compact photonic switches.",

author = "Lin, {Pao Tai} and Alexandra Imre and Ocola, {Leonidas E.} and Wessels, {B. W.}",

note = "Funding Information: This work was supported by the National Science Foundation through ECS Grant No. 0123469 and ECCS-0801684. Focused ion beam fabrication was done at the Center for Nanoscale Materials (CNM) at Argonne National Laboratory, supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. Use of the central facilities of the Materials Research Center at Northwestern University funded by the NSF (Grant No. DMR 0076097) is acknowledged.",

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N1 - Funding Information: This work was supported by the National Science Foundation through ECS Grant No. 0123469 and ECCS-0801684. Focused ion beam fabrication was done at the Center for Nanoscale Materials (CNM) at Argonne National Laboratory, supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. Use of the central facilities of the Materials Research Center at Northwestern University funded by the NSF (Grant No. DMR 0076097) is acknowledged.

PY - 2009/8/15

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N2 - Two-dimensional photonic crystals (PhC) using epitaxial ferroelectric, barium titanate (BTO) thin films as the dielectric medium were fabricated and their thermo-optical response measured and compared to theory. The nanopatterned PhC consists of a square array of air holes 300 nm deep, a period of 780 nm and area 200 × 200 μm2. The large refractive index of BTO leads to a high contrast structure that shows strong optical diffraction. Optical diffraction is analyzed along the 〈1 0〉 and 〈1 1〉 directions from phase grating measurements. The thermal tunability of BTO PhC is characterized from the attenuation of the first order diffraction. There is a 3 dB extinction ratio when the temperature increases by 120 °C, which corresponds to an increase of 0.05 in the BTO refractive index. Finite difference time domain (FDTD) technique is used to calculate the PhC band structure and the temperature dependence of the diffraction efficiency. The large change in the diffraction efficiency indicates that thermally tunable BTO PhCs may be useful as active ultra-compact photonic switches.

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Thin film ferroelectric photonic crystals and their application to thermo-optic switches

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