Three-dimensional FDTD modeling of impulsive ELF propagation about the earth-sphere

Jamesina J. Simpson; Allen Taflove

doi:10.1109/TAP.2004.823953

Three-dimensional FDTD modeling of impulsive ELF propagation about the earth-sphere

Jamesina J. Simpson^*, Allen Taflove

^*Corresponding author for this work

Electrical and Computer Engineering

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

96 Scopus citations

Abstract

This paper reports the application of an efficient finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) algorithm to model impulsive extremely low frequency (ELF) propagation within the entire Earth-ionosphere cavity. Periodic boundary conditions are used in conjunction with a three-dimensional latitude-longitude FDTD space lattice which wraps around the complete Earth-sphere. Adaptive combination of adjacent grid cells in the east-west direction minimizes cell eccentricity upon approaching the poles and hence maintains Courant stability for relatively large time steps. This technique permits a direct, three-dimensional time-domain calculation of impulsive, round-the-world ELF propagation accounting for arbitrary horizontal as well as vertical geometrical and electrical inhomogeneities/anisotropies of the excitation, ionosphere, lithosphere, and oceans. The numerical model is verified by comparing its results for ELF propagation attenuation with corresponding data reported in the literature.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	443-451
Number of pages	9
Journal	IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation
Volume	52
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2004.823953
State	Published - Feb 2004

Funding

Manuscript received November 26, 2002; revised March 30, 2003. This work was supported by the Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center under Grant ECS0200006P. The authors are with the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208 USA (e-mail: [email protected]). Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/TAP.2004.823953

Keywords

Earth
Extremely low frequency (ELF)
Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) methods
Propagation
Sphere

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Electrical and Electronic Engineering

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10.1109/TAP.2004.823953

Cite this

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title = "Three-dimensional FDTD modeling of impulsive ELF propagation about the earth-sphere",

abstract = "This paper reports the application of an efficient finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) algorithm to model impulsive extremely low frequency (ELF) propagation within the entire Earth-ionosphere cavity. Periodic boundary conditions are used in conjunction with a three-dimensional latitude-longitude FDTD space lattice which wraps around the complete Earth-sphere. Adaptive combination of adjacent grid cells in the east-west direction minimizes cell eccentricity upon approaching the poles and hence maintains Courant stability for relatively large time steps. This technique permits a direct, three-dimensional time-domain calculation of impulsive, round-the-world ELF propagation accounting for arbitrary horizontal as well as vertical geometrical and electrical inhomogeneities/anisotropies of the excitation, ionosphere, lithosphere, and oceans. The numerical model is verified by comparing its results for ELF propagation attenuation with corresponding data reported in the literature.",

keywords = "Earth, Extremely low frequency (ELF), Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) methods, Propagation, Sphere",

author = "Simpson, {Jamesina J.} and Allen Taflove",

note = "Funding Information: Manuscript received November 26, 2002; revised March 30, 2003. This work was supported by the Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center under Grant ECS0200006P. The authors are with the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208 USA (e-mail: [email protected]). Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/TAP.2004.823953",

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AU - Simpson, Jamesina J.

AU - Taflove, Allen

N1 - Funding Information: Manuscript received November 26, 2002; revised March 30, 2003. This work was supported by the Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center under Grant ECS0200006P. The authors are with the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208 USA (e-mail: [email protected]). Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/TAP.2004.823953

PY - 2004/2

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N2 - This paper reports the application of an efficient finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) algorithm to model impulsive extremely low frequency (ELF) propagation within the entire Earth-ionosphere cavity. Periodic boundary conditions are used in conjunction with a three-dimensional latitude-longitude FDTD space lattice which wraps around the complete Earth-sphere. Adaptive combination of adjacent grid cells in the east-west direction minimizes cell eccentricity upon approaching the poles and hence maintains Courant stability for relatively large time steps. This technique permits a direct, three-dimensional time-domain calculation of impulsive, round-the-world ELF propagation accounting for arbitrary horizontal as well as vertical geometrical and electrical inhomogeneities/anisotropies of the excitation, ionosphere, lithosphere, and oceans. The numerical model is verified by comparing its results for ELF propagation attenuation with corresponding data reported in the literature.

AB - This paper reports the application of an efficient finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) algorithm to model impulsive extremely low frequency (ELF) propagation within the entire Earth-ionosphere cavity. Periodic boundary conditions are used in conjunction with a three-dimensional latitude-longitude FDTD space lattice which wraps around the complete Earth-sphere. Adaptive combination of adjacent grid cells in the east-west direction minimizes cell eccentricity upon approaching the poles and hence maintains Courant stability for relatively large time steps. This technique permits a direct, three-dimensional time-domain calculation of impulsive, round-the-world ELF propagation accounting for arbitrary horizontal as well as vertical geometrical and electrical inhomogeneities/anisotropies of the excitation, ionosphere, lithosphere, and oceans. The numerical model is verified by comparing its results for ELF propagation attenuation with corresponding data reported in the literature.

KW - Earth

KW - Extremely low frequency (ELF)

KW - Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) methods

KW - Propagation

KW - Sphere

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Three-dimensional FDTD modeling of impulsive ELF propagation about the earth-sphere

Abstract

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