TY - JOUR
T1 - TiO2 (Core)/crumpled graphene oxide (shell) nanocomposites show enhanced photodegradation of carbamazepine
AU - Fu, Han
AU - Gray, Kimberly A.
N1 - Funding Information:
Acknowledgments: The SEM, TEM, FTIR and XPS were performed in the EPIC and Keck-II facility of Northwestern University’s NUANCE Center, which receives support from the SHyNE Resource (NSF ECCS-2025633), the IIN, and Northwestern’s MRSEC program (NSF DMR-1720139). HPLC-MS/MS analysis was performed at NU IMSERC facility, which has received support from the Soft and Hybrid Nanotechnology Experimental (SHyNE) Resource (NSF ECCS-2025633), and Northwestern University. Nitrogen isotherms were recorded at the Reactor Engineering and Catalyst Testing (REACT) core facility at Northwestern University. We also acknowledge Jiaxing Huang for idea discussion, Xiaobing Hu for TEM adjustment and Yingqian Xiong for Xenon lamp maintenance/adjustment.
Funding Information:
The SEM, TEM, FTIR and XPS were performed in the EPIC and Keck-II facility of Northwestern University?s NUANCE Center, which receives support from the SHyNE Resource (NSF ECCS-2025633), the IIN, and Northwestern?s MRSEC program (NSF DMR-1720139). HPLC-MS/MS analysis was performed at NU IMSERC facility, which has received support from the Soft and Hybrid Nanotechnology Experimental (SHyNE) Resource (NSF ECCS-2025633), and Northwestern Univer-sity. Nitrogen isotherms were recorded at the Reactor Engineering and Catalyst Testing (REACT) core facility at Northwestern University. We also acknowledge Jiaxing Huang for idea discussion, Xiaobing Hu for TEM adjustment and Yingqian Xiong for Xenon lamp maintenance/adjustment.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 by the authorsLicensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2021/8
Y1 - 2021/8
N2 - The presence of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in aquatic systems is a serious threat to human and ecological health. The photocatalytic degradation of PPCPs via titanium oxide (TiO2) is a well-researched potential solution, but its efficacy is limited by a variety of environmental conditions, such as the presence of natural organic macromolecules (NOM). In this study, we investigate the synthesis and performance of a novel photoreactive composite: a three-dimensional (3D) core (TiO2)-shell (crumpled graphene oxide) composite (TiGC) used as a powerful tool for PPCP removal and degradation in complex aqueous environments. TiGC exhibited a high adsorption capacity (maximum capacity 11.2 mg/g, 100 times larger than bare TiO2) and a 30% enhancement of photodegradation (compared to bare TiO2) in experiments with a persistent PPCP model, carbamazepine (CBZ). Furthermore, the TiGC performance was tested under various conditions of NOM concentration, light intensity, CBZ initial concentration, and multiple cycles of CBZ addition, in order to illustrate that TiGC performance is stable over a range of field conditions (including NOM). The enhanced and stable performance of TiCG to adsorb and degrade CBZ in water extends from its core-shell composite nanostructure: the crumpled graphene oxide shell provides an adsorptive surface that favors CBZ sorption over NOM, and optical and electronic interactions between TiO2 and graphene oxide result in higher hydroxyl radical (•OH) yields than bare TiO2.
AB - The presence of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in aquatic systems is a serious threat to human and ecological health. The photocatalytic degradation of PPCPs via titanium oxide (TiO2) is a well-researched potential solution, but its efficacy is limited by a variety of environmental conditions, such as the presence of natural organic macromolecules (NOM). In this study, we investigate the synthesis and performance of a novel photoreactive composite: a three-dimensional (3D) core (TiO2)-shell (crumpled graphene oxide) composite (TiGC) used as a powerful tool for PPCP removal and degradation in complex aqueous environments. TiGC exhibited a high adsorption capacity (maximum capacity 11.2 mg/g, 100 times larger than bare TiO2) and a 30% enhancement of photodegradation (compared to bare TiO2) in experiments with a persistent PPCP model, carbamazepine (CBZ). Furthermore, the TiGC performance was tested under various conditions of NOM concentration, light intensity, CBZ initial concentration, and multiple cycles of CBZ addition, in order to illustrate that TiGC performance is stable over a range of field conditions (including NOM). The enhanced and stable performance of TiCG to adsorb and degrade CBZ in water extends from its core-shell composite nanostructure: the crumpled graphene oxide shell provides an adsorptive surface that favors CBZ sorption over NOM, and optical and electronic interactions between TiO2 and graphene oxide result in higher hydroxyl radical (•OH) yields than bare TiO2.
KW - Carbamazepine photodegradation
KW - Core-shell structured catalyst
KW - Environmental photocatalysis
KW - PPCPs removal
KW - Spray drying technology
KW - Titanium dioxide graphene composite
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85112550301&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85112550301&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/nano11082087
DO - 10.3390/nano11082087
M3 - Article
C2 - 34443917
AN - SCOPUS:85112550301
SN - 2079-4991
VL - 11
JO - Nanomaterials
JF - Nanomaterials
IS - 8
M1 - 2087
ER -
