TY - JOUR
T1 - Transformational, Transactional, and Laissez-Faire Leadership Styles
T2 - A Meta-Analysis Comparing Women and Men
AU - Eagly, Alice H.
AU - Johannesen-Schmidt, Mary C.
AU - Van Engen, Marloes L.
PY - 2003/7/1
Y1 - 2003/7/1
N2 - A meta-analysis of 45 studies of transformational, transactional, and laissez-faire leadership styles found that female leaders were more transformational than male leaders and also engaged in more of the contingent reward behaviors that are a component of transactional leadership. Male leaders were generally more likely to manifest the other aspects of transactional leadership (active and passive management by exception) and laissez-faire leadership. Although these differences between male and female leaders were small, the implications of these findings are encouraging for female leadership because other research has established that all of the aspects of leadership style on which women exceeded men relate positively to leaders' effectiveness whereas all of the aspects on which men exceeded women have negative or null relations to effectiveness.
AB - A meta-analysis of 45 studies of transformational, transactional, and laissez-faire leadership styles found that female leaders were more transformational than male leaders and also engaged in more of the contingent reward behaviors that are a component of transactional leadership. Male leaders were generally more likely to manifest the other aspects of transactional leadership (active and passive management by exception) and laissez-faire leadership. Although these differences between male and female leaders were small, the implications of these findings are encouraging for female leadership because other research has established that all of the aspects of leadership style on which women exceeded men relate positively to leaders' effectiveness whereas all of the aspects on which men exceeded women have negative or null relations to effectiveness.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0141642127&partnerID=8YFLogxK
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U2 - 10.1037/0033-2909.129.4.569
DO - 10.1037/0033-2909.129.4.569
M3 - Review article
C2 - 12848221
AN - SCOPUS:0141642127
VL - 129
SP - 569
EP - 591
JO - Psychological Bulletin
JF - Psychological Bulletin
SN - 0033-2909
IS - 4
ER -