Treatment and prevention of thromboembolism after spinal cord injury

Despite a greater awareness of thromboembolism, which includes deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, this condition continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality in persons with acute spinal cord injury. Although its true incidence and frequency are not entirely known, it is clear that preventive measures are warranted. In this article, the clinical presentation of thromboembolism and currently used diagnostic modalities will be presented. Recommended measures, both pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic, for the treatment and prevention of thromboembolism will then be discussed.