TY - GEN
T1 - Tsunami Hazard Along the Eastern African Coast from Mega-Earthquake Sources in the Indian Ocean
AU - Salaree, Amir
AU - Okal, Emile A.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
PY - 2022
Y1 - 2022
N2 - The catastrophic 2004 Indonesian tsunami reached the shores of Eastern Africa, where it affected at least 12 countries and caused several hundred casualties, principally in Somalia. Significant variations in run-up were documented by various post-tsunami surveys (note that the latter remain incomplete, especially in Southern Tanzania and Mozambique). In a previous study, Okal et al. (Okal et al. South Afr. J. Geol. 112:343–358, 2009) it has been suggested that these variations could depend on the precise location of the tsunami sources, as a result of the combined effect of source directivity and refraction by irregular bathymetry. In this context, we present the results of a significantly enhanced study, which considers a total of twelve potential sites of mega-earthquakes, along both the Sunda Arc, and the Makran subduction zone. Numerical simulations are carried out at a total of 25 virtual gauges, spanning the East African coast from Socotra in the north to Port Elizabeth in the south, as well as adjoining islands (Madagascar, Comoros, Mascarenes). In particular, we identify locations where the 2004 tsunami (which to a large extent awakened the awareness of the continent to tsunami danger) may not have represented the worst-case scenario.
AB - The catastrophic 2004 Indonesian tsunami reached the shores of Eastern Africa, where it affected at least 12 countries and caused several hundred casualties, principally in Somalia. Significant variations in run-up were documented by various post-tsunami surveys (note that the latter remain incomplete, especially in Southern Tanzania and Mozambique). In a previous study, Okal et al. (Okal et al. South Afr. J. Geol. 112:343–358, 2009) it has been suggested that these variations could depend on the precise location of the tsunami sources, as a result of the combined effect of source directivity and refraction by irregular bathymetry. In this context, we present the results of a significantly enhanced study, which considers a total of twelve potential sites of mega-earthquakes, along both the Sunda Arc, and the Makran subduction zone. Numerical simulations are carried out at a total of 25 virtual gauges, spanning the East African coast from Socotra in the north to Port Elizabeth in the south, as well as adjoining islands (Madagascar, Comoros, Mascarenes). In particular, we identify locations where the 2004 tsunami (which to a large extent awakened the awareness of the continent to tsunami danger) may not have represented the worst-case scenario.
KW - Earthquake
KW - Eastern Africa
KW - Indian Ocean
KW - Tsunami
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U2 - 10.1007/978-3-030-73026-0_1
DO - 10.1007/978-3-030-73026-0_1
M3 - Conference contribution
AN - SCOPUS:85128876867
SN - 9783030730253
T3 - Advances in Science, Technology and Innovation
SP - 3
EP - 5
BT - Advances in Geophysics, Tectonics and Petroleum Geosciences - Proceedings of the 2nd Springer Conference of the Arabian Journal of Geosciences CAJG-2, Tunisia 2019
A2 - Meghraoui, Mustapha
A2 - Sundararajan, Narasimman
A2 - Banerjee, Santanu
A2 - Hinzen, Klaus-G.
A2 - Eshagh, Mehdi
A2 - Roure, François
A2 - Chaminé, Helder I.
A2 - Maouche, Said
A2 - Michard, André
PB - Springer Nature
T2 - 2nd Springer Conference of the Arabian Journal of Geosciences, CAJG-2 2019
Y2 - 25 November 2019 through 28 November 2019
ER -