Abstract
Background: Rectal acetaminophen is often administered during operation to provide supplemental analgesia or antipyresis in children. Recent studies examining current dose guidelines are limited by short sampling times. The authors extended the drug sampling period to more clearly define acetaminophen pharmacokinetics in children having surgery. Methods: Children (n = 28) were randomized to receive a single dose of 10, 20, or 30 mg/kg rectal acetaminophen after induction of anesthesia. Venous blood samples were taken every 30 min for 4 h, every 60 min for 4 h, and every 4 h for 16 h. Data were analyzed using a mixed-effects modeling technique (using NONMEM software) to determine the volume of distribution and clearance normalized for bioavailability. Additional models accounted for suppository dissolution followed by acetaminophen absorption. Results: Age, weight, estimated blood loss, volume of intravenous fluid administered, and anesthesia time were similar in the three groups. Most patients did not achieve peak or sustained serum values in the 10-20 μg/nd serum concentration range associated with antipyresis. The volume of distribution was 385 ml/kg, and clearance normalized for bioavailability, F, was 5.46 ml · kg-1 · min-1. Pharmacokinetic models suggest that absorption of acetaminophen is a function of zero-order dissolution of suppositories and first-order absorption from the rectum. Suppository dose size also may affect absorption characteristics. Conclusions: The current recommended rectal acetaminophen dose of 10-15 mg/kg yields peak serum concentrations less than the antipyretic serum concentration of 10-20 μg/ml. Based on the observed kinetics, the authors recommend that the initial dose should be approximately 40 mg/kg.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 244-252 |
| Number of pages | 9 |
| Journal | Anesthesiology |
| Volume | 87 |
| Issue number | 2 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Oct 22 1997 |
| Externally published | Yes |
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Keywords
- Analgesics: acetaminophen
- Anesthesia: pediatric
- Pharmacokinetics: modelling
- Pharmacology: acetaminophen; rectal
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine
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Twenty-four-hour pharmacokinetics of rectal acetaminophen in children : An old drug with new recommendations. / Birmingham, Patrick K; Tobin, Michael J.; Henthorn, Thomas K.; Fisher, Dennis M.; Berkelhamer, Maura C.; Smith, Frederick A.; Fanta, Kaaren B.; Coté, Charles J.
In: Anesthesiology, Vol. 87, No. 2, 22.10.1997, p. 244-252.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
TY - JOUR
T1 - Twenty-four-hour pharmacokinetics of rectal acetaminophen in children
T2 - An old drug with new recommendations
AU - Birmingham, Patrick K
AU - Tobin, Michael J.
AU - Henthorn, Thomas K.
AU - Fisher, Dennis M.
AU - Berkelhamer, Maura C.
AU - Smith, Frederick A.
AU - Fanta, Kaaren B.
AU - Coté, Charles J.
PY - 1997/10/22
Y1 - 1997/10/22
N2 - Background: Rectal acetaminophen is often administered during operation to provide supplemental analgesia or antipyresis in children. Recent studies examining current dose guidelines are limited by short sampling times. The authors extended the drug sampling period to more clearly define acetaminophen pharmacokinetics in children having surgery. Methods: Children (n = 28) were randomized to receive a single dose of 10, 20, or 30 mg/kg rectal acetaminophen after induction of anesthesia. Venous blood samples were taken every 30 min for 4 h, every 60 min for 4 h, and every 4 h for 16 h. Data were analyzed using a mixed-effects modeling technique (using NONMEM software) to determine the volume of distribution and clearance normalized for bioavailability. Additional models accounted for suppository dissolution followed by acetaminophen absorption. Results: Age, weight, estimated blood loss, volume of intravenous fluid administered, and anesthesia time were similar in the three groups. Most patients did not achieve peak or sustained serum values in the 10-20 μg/nd serum concentration range associated with antipyresis. The volume of distribution was 385 ml/kg, and clearance normalized for bioavailability, F, was 5.46 ml · kg-1 · min-1. Pharmacokinetic models suggest that absorption of acetaminophen is a function of zero-order dissolution of suppositories and first-order absorption from the rectum. Suppository dose size also may affect absorption characteristics. Conclusions: The current recommended rectal acetaminophen dose of 10-15 mg/kg yields peak serum concentrations less than the antipyretic serum concentration of 10-20 μg/ml. Based on the observed kinetics, the authors recommend that the initial dose should be approximately 40 mg/kg.
AB - Background: Rectal acetaminophen is often administered during operation to provide supplemental analgesia or antipyresis in children. Recent studies examining current dose guidelines are limited by short sampling times. The authors extended the drug sampling period to more clearly define acetaminophen pharmacokinetics in children having surgery. Methods: Children (n = 28) were randomized to receive a single dose of 10, 20, or 30 mg/kg rectal acetaminophen after induction of anesthesia. Venous blood samples were taken every 30 min for 4 h, every 60 min for 4 h, and every 4 h for 16 h. Data were analyzed using a mixed-effects modeling technique (using NONMEM software) to determine the volume of distribution and clearance normalized for bioavailability. Additional models accounted for suppository dissolution followed by acetaminophen absorption. Results: Age, weight, estimated blood loss, volume of intravenous fluid administered, and anesthesia time were similar in the three groups. Most patients did not achieve peak or sustained serum values in the 10-20 μg/nd serum concentration range associated with antipyresis. The volume of distribution was 385 ml/kg, and clearance normalized for bioavailability, F, was 5.46 ml · kg-1 · min-1. Pharmacokinetic models suggest that absorption of acetaminophen is a function of zero-order dissolution of suppositories and first-order absorption from the rectum. Suppository dose size also may affect absorption characteristics. Conclusions: The current recommended rectal acetaminophen dose of 10-15 mg/kg yields peak serum concentrations less than the antipyretic serum concentration of 10-20 μg/ml. Based on the observed kinetics, the authors recommend that the initial dose should be approximately 40 mg/kg.
KW - Analgesics: acetaminophen
KW - Anesthesia: pediatric
KW - Pharmacokinetics: modelling
KW - Pharmacology: acetaminophen; rectal
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0030842616&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=0030842616&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1097/00000542-199708000-00010
DO - 10.1097/00000542-199708000-00010
M3 - Article
VL - 87
SP - 244
EP - 252
JO - Anesthesiology
JF - Anesthesiology
SN - 0003-3022
IS - 2
ER -