Two-dimensional ferroelectric photonic crystal waveguides: Simulation, fabrication, and optical characterization

Pao T. Lin; Fei Yi; Seng Tiong Ho; Bruce W. Wessels

doi:10.1109/JLT.2009.2023808

Two-dimensional ferroelectric photonic crystal waveguides: Simulation, fabrication, and optical characterization

Pao T. Lin^*, Fei Yi, Seng Tiong Ho, Bruce W. Wessels

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

19 Scopus citations

Abstract

The optical properties of two dimensional photonic crystal (PhC) waveguides were investigated using ferroelectric barium titanate (BTO) thin films as the optical medium. The photonic band structure was calculated using a 2-D finite difference time domain (FDTD) method; a broad band gap is observed that results from the high refractive index contrast. The simulated transmission spectra indicate the stop band of PhC is mainly determined by three parameters: lattice constant, refractive index contrast, and waveguide mode order. From transmission measurements the PhC with a lattice constant α =420 nm shows a strong light dispersion and the other PhC with α = 450 nm shows a 120-nm broad stop band. Strong localization of visible light within the PhC cavities is demonstrated from the light scattering images. The observed strong light confinement and its spatial intensity profile due to resonance agree with the calculated profiles. From polarized optical microscopy we discovered the scattered light wavelength was highly sensitive to magnitude of the lattice constant. The optical scattering properties indicate BTO PhC can potentially serve as micrometer size electro-optically tunable switches and color filters.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	4330-4337
Number of pages	8
Journal	Journal of Lightwave Technology
Volume	27
Issue number	19
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2009.2023808
State	Published - Oct 1 2009

Keywords

Ferroelectric oxide thin films
Finite-difference time-domain simulation
Optical switches
Photonic crystal waveguides

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics

Access to Document

10.1109/JLT.2009.2023808

Cite this

@article{76c587c4bd524a57b39233d3f3f0d119,

title = "Two-dimensional ferroelectric photonic crystal waveguides: Simulation, fabrication, and optical characterization",

abstract = "The optical properties of two dimensional photonic crystal (PhC) waveguides were investigated using ferroelectric barium titanate (BTO) thin films as the optical medium. The photonic band structure was calculated using a 2-D finite difference time domain (FDTD) method; a broad band gap is observed that results from the high refractive index contrast. The simulated transmission spectra indicate the stop band of PhC is mainly determined by three parameters: lattice constant, refractive index contrast, and waveguide mode order. From transmission measurements the PhC with a lattice constant α =420 nm shows a strong light dispersion and the other PhC with α = 450 nm shows a 120-nm broad stop band. Strong localization of visible light within the PhC cavities is demonstrated from the light scattering images. The observed strong light confinement and its spatial intensity profile due to resonance agree with the calculated profiles. From polarized optical microscopy we discovered the scattered light wavelength was highly sensitive to magnitude of the lattice constant. The optical scattering properties indicate BTO PhC can potentially serve as micrometer size electro-optically tunable switches and color filters.",

keywords = "Ferroelectric oxide thin films, Finite-difference time-domain simulation, Optical switches, Photonic crystal waveguides",

author = "Lin, {Pao T.} and Fei Yi and Ho, {Seng Tiong} and Wessels, {Bruce W.}",

note = "Funding Information: Manuscript received March 26, 2009; revised May 04, 2009. First published May 27, 2009; current version published August 26, 2009. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation through ECS Grants 0457610, ECCS-0801684, and ECCS 0622185. Focused ion beam fabrication was done at the Center for Nanoscale Materials (CNM) at Argonne National Laboratory, supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. Use of the central facilities of the Materials Research Center at Northwestern University supported by the NSF under Grant DMR 0076097 is acknowledged.",

year = "2009",

month = oct,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1109/JLT.2009.2023808",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "27",

pages = "4330--4337",

journal = "Journal of Lightwave Technology",

issn = "0733-8724",

publisher = "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.",

number = "19",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Two-dimensional ferroelectric photonic crystal waveguides

T2 - Simulation, fabrication, and optical characterization

AU - Lin, Pao T.

AU - Yi, Fei

AU - Ho, Seng Tiong

AU - Wessels, Bruce W.

N1 - Funding Information: Manuscript received March 26, 2009; revised May 04, 2009. First published May 27, 2009; current version published August 26, 2009. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation through ECS Grants 0457610, ECCS-0801684, and ECCS 0622185. Focused ion beam fabrication was done at the Center for Nanoscale Materials (CNM) at Argonne National Laboratory, supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. Use of the central facilities of the Materials Research Center at Northwestern University supported by the NSF under Grant DMR 0076097 is acknowledged.

PY - 2009/10/1

Y1 - 2009/10/1

N2 - The optical properties of two dimensional photonic crystal (PhC) waveguides were investigated using ferroelectric barium titanate (BTO) thin films as the optical medium. The photonic band structure was calculated using a 2-D finite difference time domain (FDTD) method; a broad band gap is observed that results from the high refractive index contrast. The simulated transmission spectra indicate the stop band of PhC is mainly determined by three parameters: lattice constant, refractive index contrast, and waveguide mode order. From transmission measurements the PhC with a lattice constant α =420 nm shows a strong light dispersion and the other PhC with α = 450 nm shows a 120-nm broad stop band. Strong localization of visible light within the PhC cavities is demonstrated from the light scattering images. The observed strong light confinement and its spatial intensity profile due to resonance agree with the calculated profiles. From polarized optical microscopy we discovered the scattered light wavelength was highly sensitive to magnitude of the lattice constant. The optical scattering properties indicate BTO PhC can potentially serve as micrometer size electro-optically tunable switches and color filters.

AB - The optical properties of two dimensional photonic crystal (PhC) waveguides were investigated using ferroelectric barium titanate (BTO) thin films as the optical medium. The photonic band structure was calculated using a 2-D finite difference time domain (FDTD) method; a broad band gap is observed that results from the high refractive index contrast. The simulated transmission spectra indicate the stop band of PhC is mainly determined by three parameters: lattice constant, refractive index contrast, and waveguide mode order. From transmission measurements the PhC with a lattice constant α =420 nm shows a strong light dispersion and the other PhC with α = 450 nm shows a 120-nm broad stop band. Strong localization of visible light within the PhC cavities is demonstrated from the light scattering images. The observed strong light confinement and its spatial intensity profile due to resonance agree with the calculated profiles. From polarized optical microscopy we discovered the scattered light wavelength was highly sensitive to magnitude of the lattice constant. The optical scattering properties indicate BTO PhC can potentially serve as micrometer size electro-optically tunable switches and color filters.

KW - Ferroelectric oxide thin films

KW - Finite-difference time-domain simulation

KW - Optical switches

KW - Photonic crystal waveguides

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=69949106865&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=69949106865&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1109/JLT.2009.2023808

DO - 10.1109/JLT.2009.2023808

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:69949106865

SN - 0733-8724

VL - 27

SP - 4330

EP - 4337

JO - Journal of Lightwave Technology

JF - Journal of Lightwave Technology

IS - 19

ER -

Two-dimensional ferroelectric photonic crystal waveguides: Simulation, fabrication, and optical characterization

Abstract

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Access to Document

Other files and links

Fingerprint

Cite this