@article{2f90cefc79ce4a0d9aa9c9b0391f3c1b,
title = "Two-drug fixed-dose combinations of blood pressure-lowering drugs as WHO essential medicines: An overview of efficacy, safety, and cost",
abstract = "Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the world's leading cause of death. High blood pressure (BP) is the leading global risk factor for all-cause preventable morbidity and mortality. Globally, only about 14% of patients achieve BP control to systolic BP <140 mm Hg and diastolic BP <90 mm Hg. Most patients (>60%) require two or more drugs to achieve BP control, yet poor adherence to therapy is a major barrier to achieving this control. Fixed-dose combinations (FDCs) of BP-lowering drugs are one means to improve BP control through greater adherence and efficacy, with favorable safety and cost profiles. The authors present a review of the supporting data from a successful application to the World Health Organization (WHO) for the inclusion of FDCs of two BP-lowering drugs on the 21st WHO Essential Medicines List. The authors discuss the efficacy and safety of FDCs of two BP-lowering drugs for the management of hypertension in adults, relevant hypertension guideline recommendations, and the estimated cost of such therapies.",
keywords = "antihypertensive therapy, combination therapy, hypertension—general",
author = "Abdul Salam and Huffman, {Mark D.} and Raju Kanukula and {Hari Prasad}, Esam and Abhishek Sharma and Heller, {David J.} and Rajesh Vedanthan and Anubha Agarwal and Anthony Rodgers and Jaffe, {Marc G.} and {R. Frieden}, Thomas and Kishore, {Sandeep P.}",
note = "Funding Information: The George Institute for Global Health has a patent and license and has received investment funding with intent to commercialize fixed‐dose combination therapy through its social enterprise business, George Medicines. Dr Sandeep P. Kishore serves as a consultant for Resolve to Save Lives for hypertension control, a clinical fellow at Harvard Medical School/Brigham & Women's Hospital and has led a partnership on multiple chronic conditions supported by the Arnhold Institute for Global Health at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai and Teva Pharmaceuticals. Dr Mark D. Huffman(MDH) has received support from the American Heart Association, Verily, and AstraZeneca for work unrelated to this research. MDH has received salary support from the American Medical Association for his role as an associate editor for JAMA Cardiology. MDH has a secondary appointment at The George Institute for Global Health, which has a patent, license, and intent to commercialize fixed‐dose combination therapy through its social enterprise business, George Medicines, for which the organization has received investments. Mr Abhishek Sharma is an employee of the PRECISIONheor (a Precision Value & Health | Precision Medicine Group team) that provides health economics and policy research consulting services to, and has received payments from, biopharmaceutical companies for work unrelated to this research. Dr David J. Heller reports support from Teva Pharmaceuticals. However, Teva Pharmaceuticals was not involved in any aspect of the design, conduct, or analysis of this study; the content of this manuscript; nor the decision to publish. Funding Information: This analysis was supported by Resolve to Save Lives, an initiative of Vital Strategies. Resolve to Save Lives is funded by Bloomberg Philanthropies, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, and Gates Philanthropy Partners, which is funded with support from the Chan Zuckerberg Foundation. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC",
year = "2020",
month = oct,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1111/jch.14009",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "22",
pages = "1769--1779",
journal = "Journal of Clinical Hypertension",
issn = "1524-6175",
publisher = "Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd",
number = "10",
}
