Two-minute walk test performance by adults 18 to 85 years: Normative values, reliability, and responsiveness

Richard W. Bohannon; Ying Chih Wang; Richard C. Gershon

doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2014.10.006

Two-minute walk test performance by adults 18 to 85 years: Normative values, reliability, and responsiveness

Richard W. Bohannon^*, Ying Chih Wang, Richard C. Gershon

^*Corresponding author for this work

Medical Social Sciences

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

170 Scopus citations

Abstract

Objectives To provide (1) normative reference values for the 2-minute walk test (2MWT), (2) reference equations for the 2MWT, and (3) information on the reliability and responsiveness of the 2MWT across the adult lifespan. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting General community settings. Participants A population-based sample of adult participants (N=1137) contributed data to this study, which was part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Toolbox for the Assessment of Neurological and Behavioral Function Norming Project. Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measure 2MWT. Results Overall, the distance participants walked ranged from 64.6 to 300.8m (mean, 180.9m). Men walked farther than did women (189.4m vs 176.0m; t=6.8; df=1,135; P<.001). Significant correlations were observed between the 2MWT and age (r=-.41), height (r=.29), weight (r=-.16), and body mass index (r=-.32). Age and body mass index were used in the linear regression modeling to predict the 2MWT distance (R²=.55-.56). Test-retest reliability of the 2MWT as characterized by the intraclass correlation coefficient was.82 (95% confidence interval,.76-.87). Based on a standard error of measurement of 15.3m, the minimum detectable change for the 2MWT was 42.5m. Conclusions The study presents norms of the 2MWT established by the NIH Toolbox. The norms can be used to determine the presence of limitations in walking endurance across the lifespan.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	472-477
Number of pages	6
Journal	Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation
Volume	96
Issue number	3
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2014.10.006
State	Published - Mar 1 2015

Funding

The data for this investigation were collected from the Motor Domain of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Toolbox for the Assessment of Neurological and Behavioral Function. 28 The intent of the NIH Toolbox is to develop an assessment battery that provides a standard set of royalty-free, brief, and comprehensive assessment tools that can be used by researchers and clinicians in various settings, with a particular emphasis on measuring outcomes in longitudinal epidemiological and prevention or intervention clinical research across the lifespan. Specifically used in this study were data from the norming phase of the project. 29 The project was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, and all participants provided written informed consent.

Keywords

Exercise test
Physical endurance
Psychometrics
Rehabilitation
Walking

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation
Rehabilitation

Access to Document

10.1016/j.apmr.2014.10.006

Cite this

@article{af8a201d8d0d4360b1b7d62c904e2c99,

title = "Two-minute walk test performance by adults 18 to 85 years: Normative values, reliability, and responsiveness",

abstract = "Objectives To provide (1) normative reference values for the 2-minute walk test (2MWT), (2) reference equations for the 2MWT, and (3) information on the reliability and responsiveness of the 2MWT across the adult lifespan. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting General community settings. Participants A population-based sample of adult participants (N=1137) contributed data to this study, which was part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Toolbox for the Assessment of Neurological and Behavioral Function Norming Project. Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measure 2MWT. Results Overall, the distance participants walked ranged from 64.6 to 300.8m (mean, 180.9m). Men walked farther than did women (189.4m vs 176.0m; t=6.8; df=1,135; P<.001). Significant correlations were observed between the 2MWT and age (r=-.41), height (r=.29), weight (r=-.16), and body mass index (r=-.32). Age and body mass index were used in the linear regression modeling to predict the 2MWT distance (R2=.55-.56). Test-retest reliability of the 2MWT as characterized by the intraclass correlation coefficient was.82 (95% confidence interval,.76-.87). Based on a standard error of measurement of 15.3m, the minimum detectable change for the 2MWT was 42.5m. Conclusions The study presents norms of the 2MWT established by the NIH Toolbox. The norms can be used to determine the presence of limitations in walking endurance across the lifespan.",

keywords = "Exercise test, Physical endurance, Psychometrics, Rehabilitation, Walking",

author = "Bohannon, {Richard W.} and Wang, {Ying Chih} and Gershon, {Richard C.}",

note = "Funding Information: The data for this investigation were collected from the Motor Domain of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Toolbox for the Assessment of Neurological and Behavioral Function. 28 The intent of the NIH Toolbox is to develop an assessment battery that provides a standard set of royalty-free, brief, and comprehensive assessment tools that can be used by researchers and clinicians in various settings, with a particular emphasis on measuring outcomes in longitudinal epidemiological and prevention or intervention clinical research across the lifespan. Specifically used in this study were data from the norming phase of the project. 29 The project was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, and all participants provided written informed consent. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2015 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine.",

year = "2015",

month = mar,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1016/j.apmr.2014.10.006",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "96",

pages = "472--477",

journal = "Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation",

issn = "0003-9993",

publisher = "W.B. Saunders",

number = "3",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Two-minute walk test performance by adults 18 to 85 years

T2 - Normative values, reliability, and responsiveness

AU - Bohannon, Richard W.

AU - Wang, Ying Chih

AU - Gershon, Richard C.

N1 - Funding Information: The data for this investigation were collected from the Motor Domain of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Toolbox for the Assessment of Neurological and Behavioral Function. 28 The intent of the NIH Toolbox is to develop an assessment battery that provides a standard set of royalty-free, brief, and comprehensive assessment tools that can be used by researchers and clinicians in various settings, with a particular emphasis on measuring outcomes in longitudinal epidemiological and prevention or intervention clinical research across the lifespan. Specifically used in this study were data from the norming phase of the project. 29 The project was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, and all participants provided written informed consent. Publisher Copyright: © 2015 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine.

PY - 2015/3/1

Y1 - 2015/3/1

N2 - Objectives To provide (1) normative reference values for the 2-minute walk test (2MWT), (2) reference equations for the 2MWT, and (3) information on the reliability and responsiveness of the 2MWT across the adult lifespan. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting General community settings. Participants A population-based sample of adult participants (N=1137) contributed data to this study, which was part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Toolbox for the Assessment of Neurological and Behavioral Function Norming Project. Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measure 2MWT. Results Overall, the distance participants walked ranged from 64.6 to 300.8m (mean, 180.9m). Men walked farther than did women (189.4m vs 176.0m; t=6.8; df=1,135; P<.001). Significant correlations were observed between the 2MWT and age (r=-.41), height (r=.29), weight (r=-.16), and body mass index (r=-.32). Age and body mass index were used in the linear regression modeling to predict the 2MWT distance (R2=.55-.56). Test-retest reliability of the 2MWT as characterized by the intraclass correlation coefficient was.82 (95% confidence interval,.76-.87). Based on a standard error of measurement of 15.3m, the minimum detectable change for the 2MWT was 42.5m. Conclusions The study presents norms of the 2MWT established by the NIH Toolbox. The norms can be used to determine the presence of limitations in walking endurance across the lifespan.

AB - Objectives To provide (1) normative reference values for the 2-minute walk test (2MWT), (2) reference equations for the 2MWT, and (3) information on the reliability and responsiveness of the 2MWT across the adult lifespan. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting General community settings. Participants A population-based sample of adult participants (N=1137) contributed data to this study, which was part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Toolbox for the Assessment of Neurological and Behavioral Function Norming Project. Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measure 2MWT. Results Overall, the distance participants walked ranged from 64.6 to 300.8m (mean, 180.9m). Men walked farther than did women (189.4m vs 176.0m; t=6.8; df=1,135; P<.001). Significant correlations were observed between the 2MWT and age (r=-.41), height (r=.29), weight (r=-.16), and body mass index (r=-.32). Age and body mass index were used in the linear regression modeling to predict the 2MWT distance (R2=.55-.56). Test-retest reliability of the 2MWT as characterized by the intraclass correlation coefficient was.82 (95% confidence interval,.76-.87). Based on a standard error of measurement of 15.3m, the minimum detectable change for the 2MWT was 42.5m. Conclusions The study presents norms of the 2MWT established by the NIH Toolbox. The norms can be used to determine the presence of limitations in walking endurance across the lifespan.

KW - Exercise test

KW - Physical endurance

KW - Psychometrics

KW - Rehabilitation

KW - Walking

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84924145052&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84924145052&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/j.apmr.2014.10.006

DO - 10.1016/j.apmr.2014.10.006

M3 - Article

C2 - 25450135

AN - SCOPUS:84924145052

SN - 0003-9993

VL - 96

SP - 472

EP - 477

JO - Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation

JF - Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation

IS - 3

ER -

Two-minute walk test performance by adults 18 to 85 years: Normative values, reliability, and responsiveness

Abstract

Funding

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Access to Document

Other files and links

Fingerprint

Cite this