TY - JOUR
T1 - Unravelling jet quenching criteria across L∗ galaxies and massive cluster ellipticals
AU - Su, Kung Yi
AU - Bryan, Greg L.
AU - Hayward, Christopher C.
AU - Somerville, Rachel S.
AU - Hopkins, Philip F.
AU - Emami, Razieh
AU - Faucher-Giguère, Claude André
AU - Quataert, Eliot
AU - Ponnada, Sam B.
AU - Fielding, Drummond
AU - Kereš, Dušan
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2024 The Author(s).
PY - 2024/8/1
Y1 - 2024/8/1
N2 - In the absence of supplementary heat, the radiative cooling of halo gas around massive galaxies (Milky Way mass and above) leads to an excess of cold gas or stars beyond observed levels. Active galactic nucleus jet-induced heating is likely essential, but the specific properties of the jets remain unclear. Our previous work concludes from simulations of a halo with [Formula presented] that a successful jet model should have an energy flux comparable to the free-fall energy flux at the cooling radius and should inflate a sufficiently wide cocoon with a long enough cooling time. In this paper, we investigate three jet modes with constant fluxes satisfying the criteria, including high-temperature thermal jets, cosmic ray (CR)-dominant jets, and widely precessing kinetic jets in [Formula presented] haloes using high-resolution, non-cosmological magnetohydrodynamic simulations with the FIRE-2 (Feedback In Realistic Environments) stellar feedback model, conduction, and viscosity. We find that scaling the jet energy according to the free-fall energy at the cooling radius can successfully suppress the cooling flows and quench galaxies without violating observational constraints. On the contrary, if we scale the energy flux based on the total cooling rate within the cooling radius, strong interstellar medium cooling dominates this scaling, resulting in a jet flux exceeding what is needed. Among the three jet types, the CR-dominant jet is most effective in suppressing cooling flows across all surveyed halo masses due to enhanced CR pressure support. We confirm that the criteria for a successful jet model work across a wider range, encompassing halo masses of [Formula presented].
AB - In the absence of supplementary heat, the radiative cooling of halo gas around massive galaxies (Milky Way mass and above) leads to an excess of cold gas or stars beyond observed levels. Active galactic nucleus jet-induced heating is likely essential, but the specific properties of the jets remain unclear. Our previous work concludes from simulations of a halo with [Formula presented] that a successful jet model should have an energy flux comparable to the free-fall energy flux at the cooling radius and should inflate a sufficiently wide cocoon with a long enough cooling time. In this paper, we investigate three jet modes with constant fluxes satisfying the criteria, including high-temperature thermal jets, cosmic ray (CR)-dominant jets, and widely precessing kinetic jets in [Formula presented] haloes using high-resolution, non-cosmological magnetohydrodynamic simulations with the FIRE-2 (Feedback In Realistic Environments) stellar feedback model, conduction, and viscosity. We find that scaling the jet energy according to the free-fall energy at the cooling radius can successfully suppress the cooling flows and quench galaxies without violating observational constraints. On the contrary, if we scale the energy flux based on the total cooling rate within the cooling radius, strong interstellar medium cooling dominates this scaling, resulting in a jet flux exceeding what is needed. Among the three jet types, the CR-dominant jet is most effective in suppressing cooling flows across all surveyed halo masses due to enhanced CR pressure support. We confirm that the criteria for a successful jet model work across a wider range, encompassing halo masses of [Formula presented].
KW - cosmic rays
KW - galaxies: clusters: intracluster medium
KW - galaxies: jets
KW - galaxies: magnetic fields
KW - methods: numerical
KW - turbulence
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U2 - 10.1093/mnras/stae1629
DO - 10.1093/mnras/stae1629
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85199196320
SN - 0035-8711
VL - 532
SP - 2724
EP - 2740
JO - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
IS - 2
ER -