TY - JOUR
T1 - Update on Restless Legs Syndrome
T2 - from Mechanisms to Treatment
AU - Gonzalez-Latapi, Paulina
AU - Malkani, Roneil
N1 - Funding Information:
Conflict of Interest Roneil Malkani reports grant support from the Alzheimer’s Association, Illinois Department of Public Health, National Institutes of Health, and Northwestern University Parkinson’s Disease Advisory Council, and speaking honoraria for Advocate Healthcare and for American Academy of Neurology. Paulina Gonzalez-Latapi declares no potential conflicts of interest.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
PY - 2019/8/1
Y1 - 2019/8/1
N2 - Purpose of Review: To provide an overview of the molecular pathways and recent genetic risk loci associated with restless legs syndrome/Willis-Ekbom disease (RLS/WED) and describe the most recent treatment guidelines. Recent Findings: Diagnostic criteria for RLS/WED now include a fifth criterion to differentiate from RLS/WED mimics. Our understanding of disease pathophysiology has improved, specifically regarding iron regulation in the brain and the role of other pathways such as opioid signaling and brain and spinal cord circuitry may play. Finally, several genetic risk loci have been described, including MEIS1 which is currently considered to be the strongest genetic risk factor for RLS/WED. Treatment guidelines now suggest α2δ ligands such as gabapentin enacarbil should be used as first-line treatment. Summary: The current literature focuses on disease pathways as well as the development of animal models based on genetic risk factors for RLS/WED. Updated treatment guidelines expand on first-line treatment options.
AB - Purpose of Review: To provide an overview of the molecular pathways and recent genetic risk loci associated with restless legs syndrome/Willis-Ekbom disease (RLS/WED) and describe the most recent treatment guidelines. Recent Findings: Diagnostic criteria for RLS/WED now include a fifth criterion to differentiate from RLS/WED mimics. Our understanding of disease pathophysiology has improved, specifically regarding iron regulation in the brain and the role of other pathways such as opioid signaling and brain and spinal cord circuitry may play. Finally, several genetic risk loci have been described, including MEIS1 which is currently considered to be the strongest genetic risk factor for RLS/WED. Treatment guidelines now suggest α2δ ligands such as gabapentin enacarbil should be used as first-line treatment. Summary: The current literature focuses on disease pathways as well as the development of animal models based on genetic risk factors for RLS/WED. Updated treatment guidelines expand on first-line treatment options.
KW - Augmentation
KW - Dopamine
KW - Iron
KW - Restless legs syndrome
KW - Willis-Ekbom disease
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U2 - 10.1007/s11910-019-0965-4
DO - 10.1007/s11910-019-0965-4
M3 - Review article
C2 - 31250128
AN - SCOPUS:85068047418
SN - 1528-4042
VL - 19
JO - Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports
JF - Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports
IS - 8
M1 - 54
ER -