TY - JOUR
T1 - User-aware frame rate management in Android smartphones
AU - Egilmez, Begum
AU - Schuchhardt, Matthew
AU - Memik, Gokhan
AU - Ayoub, Raid
AU - Soundararajan, Niranjan
AU - Kishinevsky, Michael
N1 - Funding Information:
This work is supported by an Intel URO Energy Smart SoC Program grant. We also would like to thank the participants in our experiments.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 ACM.
PY - 2017/9
Y1 - 2017/9
N2 - Frame rate has a direct impact on the energy consumption of smartphones: the higher the frame rate, the higher the power consumption. Hence, reducing display refreshes will reduce the power consumption. However, it is risky to manipulate frame rate drastically as it can deteriorate user satisfaction with the device. In this work, we introduce a screen management system that controls the frame rate on smartphone displays based on a model that detects user dissatisfaction due to display refreshes. This approach is based on understanding when higher frame rates are necessary, and providing lower frame rates-thus, saving power-if the lower rate is predicted not to cause user dissatisfaction. According to the results of our first user survey with 20 participants, individuals show highly varying requirements: while some users require high frame rates for the highest satisfaction, others are equally satisfied with lower frame rates. Based on this observation, we develop a system that predicts user dissatisfaction on the runtime and either increases or decreases the maximum frame rate setting. For user dissatisfaction predictions, we have compared two different approaches: (1) static model, which uses dissatisfaction characteristics of a fixed group of people, and (2) user-specific model, which is learning only from the specific user. Our second set of experiments with 20 participants shows that users report 32% less dissatisfaction and 4% more dissatisfaction than the default Android system with user-specific and static systems, respectively. These experiments also show that, compared to the default scheme, our mechanisms reduce the power consumption of the phone by 7.2% and 1.8% on average with the user-specific and static models, respectively.
AB - Frame rate has a direct impact on the energy consumption of smartphones: the higher the frame rate, the higher the power consumption. Hence, reducing display refreshes will reduce the power consumption. However, it is risky to manipulate frame rate drastically as it can deteriorate user satisfaction with the device. In this work, we introduce a screen management system that controls the frame rate on smartphone displays based on a model that detects user dissatisfaction due to display refreshes. This approach is based on understanding when higher frame rates are necessary, and providing lower frame rates-thus, saving power-if the lower rate is predicted not to cause user dissatisfaction. According to the results of our first user survey with 20 participants, individuals show highly varying requirements: while some users require high frame rates for the highest satisfaction, others are equally satisfied with lower frame rates. Based on this observation, we develop a system that predicts user dissatisfaction on the runtime and either increases or decreases the maximum frame rate setting. For user dissatisfaction predictions, we have compared two different approaches: (1) static model, which uses dissatisfaction characteristics of a fixed group of people, and (2) user-specific model, which is learning only from the specific user. Our second set of experiments with 20 participants shows that users report 32% less dissatisfaction and 4% more dissatisfaction than the default Android system with user-specific and static systems, respectively. These experiments also show that, compared to the default scheme, our mechanisms reduce the power consumption of the phone by 7.2% and 1.8% on average with the user-specific and static models, respectively.
KW - Android
KW - Frame rate
KW - Frames per second (FPS)
KW - Personalized systems
KW - Power consumption
KW - Smartphone
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85030669809&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85030669809&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1145/3126539
DO - 10.1145/3126539
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85030669809
SN - 1539-9087
VL - 16
JO - ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems
JF - ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems
IS - 5s
M1 - 131
ER -