Abstract
Most of the primary vasculitides can involve the heart, although the frequency of involvement and the specific cardiac structures affected vary widely by disease. Recognition of the cardiac manifestations of vasculitis is important because of the associated mortality risk in most of these patients. In this chapter, we will approach the primary vasculitides according to the size of vasculature that is most classically affected. The large-vessel vasculitides include giant cell arteritis and Takayasu's arteritis and typically affect the aorta and its proximal branches, such as the carotid, subclavian, and iliac arteries. The medium-vessel vasculitides affect the muscular arteries and arterioles that compromise the main visceral vasculature and their direct branches. We will discuss two medium-vessel vasculitides, polyarteritis nodosa and Kawasaki disease, and their respective cardiac involvement. Small vasculature includes arterioles, venules, and capillaries. Within this category, we will discuss the anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitides, including eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA), granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) and microscopic polyangiitis (MPA), with a brief mention of cryoglobulinemic vasculitis. While it is worth noting that these vasculitides may not strictly obey their vessel size classifications, some types of vasculitis, such as Behçet's syndrome, characteristically affect vasculature of any size and will be discussed as variable vessel vasculitis.
Original language | English (US) |
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Title of host publication | Interdisciplinary Rheumatology |
Subtitle of host publication | Rheumatology and Cardiology |
Publisher | CRC Press |
Pages | 100-115 |
Number of pages | 16 |
ISBN (Electronic) | 9781040133903 |
ISBN (Print) | 9781032479538 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Jan 1 2024 |
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- General Medicine