TY - JOUR
T1 - Vasectomy and risk of prostate cancer in a screening trial
AU - Shoag, Jonathan
AU - Savenkov, Oleksander
AU - Christos, Paul J.
AU - Mittal, Sameer
AU - Halpern, Joshua Alexander
AU - Askin, Gulce
AU - Shoag, Daniel
AU - Golan, Ron
AU - Lee, Daniel J.
AU - O'Malley, Padraic
AU - Najari, Bobby
AU - Eisner, Brian
AU - Hu, Jim C.
AU - Scherr, Douglas
AU - Schlegel, Peter
AU - Barbieri, Christopher E.
N1 - Funding Information:
P.J. Christos and G. Askin were partially supported by a grant from the Clinical and Translational Science Center at Weill Cornell Medical College (UL1-TR000457-06).
Publisher Copyright:
©2017 AACR.
PY - 2017/11
Y1 - 2017/11
N2 - Background: Vasectomy has been implicated as a risk factor for prostate cancer in multiple epidemiologic studies over the past 25 years. Whether this relationship is causal remains unclear. This study examines the association between vasectomy and prostate cancer in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial, which randomized men to usual care or annual prostate cancer screening. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of 13-year screening and outcomes data from the PLCO trial. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression stratified by study arm and age at vasectomy was performed. Results: There was an increased risk of prostate cancer in men who had undergone a vasectomy and were randomized to the usual care arm of the study (adjusted HR, 1.11; 95% confidence interval, 1.03–1.20; P = 0.008). There was no association between vasectomy and diagnosis of prostate cancer in men randomized to the prostate cancer screening arm. Only men undergoing vasectomy at an older age in the usual care arm of the study, but not the prostate cancer screening arm, were at increased risk of being diagnosed with prostate cancer. Conclusions: Vasectomy was not associated with prostate cancer risk among men who were screened for prostate cancer as part of a clinical trial, but was associated with prostate cancer detection in men receiving usual care. Impact: The positive association between vasectomy and prostate cancer is likely related to increased detection of prostate cancer based on patterns of care rather than a biological effect of vasectomy on prostate cancer development.
AB - Background: Vasectomy has been implicated as a risk factor for prostate cancer in multiple epidemiologic studies over the past 25 years. Whether this relationship is causal remains unclear. This study examines the association between vasectomy and prostate cancer in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial, which randomized men to usual care or annual prostate cancer screening. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of 13-year screening and outcomes data from the PLCO trial. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression stratified by study arm and age at vasectomy was performed. Results: There was an increased risk of prostate cancer in men who had undergone a vasectomy and were randomized to the usual care arm of the study (adjusted HR, 1.11; 95% confidence interval, 1.03–1.20; P = 0.008). There was no association between vasectomy and diagnosis of prostate cancer in men randomized to the prostate cancer screening arm. Only men undergoing vasectomy at an older age in the usual care arm of the study, but not the prostate cancer screening arm, were at increased risk of being diagnosed with prostate cancer. Conclusions: Vasectomy was not associated with prostate cancer risk among men who were screened for prostate cancer as part of a clinical trial, but was associated with prostate cancer detection in men receiving usual care. Impact: The positive association between vasectomy and prostate cancer is likely related to increased detection of prostate cancer based on patterns of care rather than a biological effect of vasectomy on prostate cancer development.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85034032906&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85034032906&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-16-0776
DO - 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-16-0776
M3 - Article
C2 - 28830873
AN - SCOPUS:85034032906
VL - 26
SP - 1653
EP - 1659
JO - Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention
JF - Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention
SN - 1055-9965
IS - 11
ER -