TY - JOUR
T1 - Vitamin D Deficiency and Metabolism in HIV-Infected and HIV-Uninfected Men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
AU - Zhang, Long
AU - Tin, Adrienne
AU - Brown, Todd T.
AU - Margolick, Joseph B.
AU - Witt, Mallory D.
AU - Palella, Frank J.
AU - Kingsley, Lawrence A.
AU - Hoofnagle, Andrew N.
AU - Jacobson, Lisa P.
AU - Abraham, Alison G.
N1 - Funding Information:
Acknowledgments Data in this article were collected by the MACS with centers (Principal Investigators) at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health ( Joseph B. Margolick, Lisa P. Jacobson), Northwestern University (Steven Wolinsky), University of California, Los Angeles (Roger Detels), and University of Pittsburgh (Charles Rinaldo). The MACS is funded primarily by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), with additional supplemental funding from the National Cancer Institute (NCI), the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), and the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) (UO1-AI-35042, UL1- RR025005, UM1-AI-35043, UO1-AI-35039, UO1-AI- 35040, and UO1-AI-35041). The funding for this substudy was supported by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R21-AI-109817).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2017, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. 2017.
PY - 2017/3
Y1 - 2017/3
N2 - We evaluated associations of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25[OH]2D) levels in a cohort of HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected men at risk for infection in the United States. Stored samples collected between 1999 and 2008 were tested for vitamin D metabolites between 2014 and 2015. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as a serum concentration of 25[OH]D <20 ng/ml. Multivariate models were used to assess associations of various demographic and clinical factors with vitamin D status. HIV-infected men on effective antiretroviral therapy (n = 640) and HIV-uninfected men (n = 99) had comparable levels of 25[OH]D and 1,25[OH]2D, and prevalences of vitamin D deficiency were 41% in HIV-infected and 44% in HIV-uninfected men, respectively. Self-reported black or other non-white race, obesity, and normal kidney function were significant predictors of vitamin D deficiency regardless of HIV serostatus. Lower CD4+ T cell count was associated with vitamin D deficiency in HIV-infected men, while current ritonavir use was protective. Self-reported black race was the only factor significantly associated with higher levels of 1,25[OH]2D (vs. whites; β = 4.85 pg/ml, p = .003). Levels of 1,25[OH]2D and 25[OH]D were positively correlated in HIV-infected men (β = 0.32 pg/ml, p < .001), but not in uninfected men (β = -0.09 pg/ml, p = .623; p < .05 for interaction). Vitamin D deficiency was prevalent regardless of HIV serostatus in this cohort, suggesting that HIV infection did not confer additional risk of deficiency in this cohort of well-treated HIV-infected men. However, HIV infection and race may have implications for vitamin D metabolism and 1,25[OH]2D levels.
AB - We evaluated associations of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25[OH]2D) levels in a cohort of HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected men at risk for infection in the United States. Stored samples collected between 1999 and 2008 were tested for vitamin D metabolites between 2014 and 2015. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as a serum concentration of 25[OH]D <20 ng/ml. Multivariate models were used to assess associations of various demographic and clinical factors with vitamin D status. HIV-infected men on effective antiretroviral therapy (n = 640) and HIV-uninfected men (n = 99) had comparable levels of 25[OH]D and 1,25[OH]2D, and prevalences of vitamin D deficiency were 41% in HIV-infected and 44% in HIV-uninfected men, respectively. Self-reported black or other non-white race, obesity, and normal kidney function were significant predictors of vitamin D deficiency regardless of HIV serostatus. Lower CD4+ T cell count was associated with vitamin D deficiency in HIV-infected men, while current ritonavir use was protective. Self-reported black race was the only factor significantly associated with higher levels of 1,25[OH]2D (vs. whites; β = 4.85 pg/ml, p = .003). Levels of 1,25[OH]2D and 25[OH]D were positively correlated in HIV-infected men (β = 0.32 pg/ml, p < .001), but not in uninfected men (β = -0.09 pg/ml, p = .623; p < .05 for interaction). Vitamin D deficiency was prevalent regardless of HIV serostatus in this cohort, suggesting that HIV infection did not confer additional risk of deficiency in this cohort of well-treated HIV-infected men. However, HIV infection and race may have implications for vitamin D metabolism and 1,25[OH]2D levels.
KW - 1,25[OH]D
KW - 25[OH]D
KW - HIV-infected
KW - HIV-uninfected
KW - Vitamin D
KW - Vitamin D deficiency
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U2 - 10.1089/aid.2016.0144
DO - 10.1089/aid.2016.0144
M3 - Article
C2 - 27700140
AN - SCOPUS:85014443721
SN - 0889-2229
VL - 33
SP - 261
EP - 270
JO - AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses
JF - AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses
IS - 3
ER -
