TY - JOUR
T1 - Vitamin D levels, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular risks in very young obese children
AU - Creo, Ana L.
AU - Rosen, Joshua S.
AU - Ariza, Adolfo J.
AU - Hidaka, Katherine M.
AU - Binns, Helen J.
N1 - Funding Information:
None of the authors have potential conflicts of interest or corporate sponsors. The authors manifest that there are no interests biasing the findings reported in the study. Dr. A.L. Creo participated in and was funded by the American Pediatric Society/Society for Pediatric
PY - 2013/2
Y1 - 2013/2
N2 - Objective: To examine the relationships of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) levels with the measures of insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk, and identify the clinical factors associated with low 25-OHD in young obese children. Design and methods: Data from 83 children ages 2 - 6 years seen for obesity care (clinic latitude 42 °N) were analyzed. Insulin resistance [homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)] and cardiovascular risks were examined in relationship to 25-OHD levels using correlation statistics. χ2 and logistic regression models were applied to identify the factors associated with vitamin D deficiency (25-OHD levels <20 ng/mL) and insufficiency (<30 ng/mL). Results: Children's mean age was mean 4.9 years and they were predominantly Hispanic. Mean body mass index (BMI) Z-score was 3.2 and mean HOMA-IR was 2.8. Mean 25-OHD was 30.9 ng/mL (6 % <20 ng/mL and 46 % 20-29 ng/mL). There were no significant correlations between 25-OHD and BMI (Spearman's ρ=-0.096, p=0.389), BMI Z-score (Spearman's ρ=0.104, p=0.350), HOMA-IR (Spearman's ρ=-0.144, p=0.269), total cholesterol (Spearman's ρ=-0.028, p=0.833), or triglycerides (Spearman's ρ=-0.026, p=0.846). Vitamin D deficiency was significantly associated with older age, lower milk intake, and testing in winter months. 25-OHD level <30 ng/mL was associated with older age, African-American and Hispanic race/ethnicity, and testing in winter months. All factors retained significance in a multivariate logistic regression model, with African-American (odds ratio=14.4) and Hispanic (odds ratio=7.2) race/ethnicity being the strongest predictors of 25-OHD levels <30 ng/mL. Conclusions: In these children, 25-OHD was not associated with insulin resistance or cardiovascular risks. Considering age, race/ethnicity, diet, and season may help identify young obese children needing vitamin D management.
AB - Objective: To examine the relationships of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) levels with the measures of insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk, and identify the clinical factors associated with low 25-OHD in young obese children. Design and methods: Data from 83 children ages 2 - 6 years seen for obesity care (clinic latitude 42 °N) were analyzed. Insulin resistance [homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)] and cardiovascular risks were examined in relationship to 25-OHD levels using correlation statistics. χ2 and logistic regression models were applied to identify the factors associated with vitamin D deficiency (25-OHD levels <20 ng/mL) and insufficiency (<30 ng/mL). Results: Children's mean age was mean 4.9 years and they were predominantly Hispanic. Mean body mass index (BMI) Z-score was 3.2 and mean HOMA-IR was 2.8. Mean 25-OHD was 30.9 ng/mL (6 % <20 ng/mL and 46 % 20-29 ng/mL). There were no significant correlations between 25-OHD and BMI (Spearman's ρ=-0.096, p=0.389), BMI Z-score (Spearman's ρ=0.104, p=0.350), HOMA-IR (Spearman's ρ=-0.144, p=0.269), total cholesterol (Spearman's ρ=-0.028, p=0.833), or triglycerides (Spearman's ρ=-0.026, p=0.846). Vitamin D deficiency was significantly associated with older age, lower milk intake, and testing in winter months. 25-OHD level <30 ng/mL was associated with older age, African-American and Hispanic race/ethnicity, and testing in winter months. All factors retained significance in a multivariate logistic regression model, with African-American (odds ratio=14.4) and Hispanic (odds ratio=7.2) race/ethnicity being the strongest predictors of 25-OHD levels <30 ng/mL. Conclusions: In these children, 25-OHD was not associated with insulin resistance or cardiovascular risks. Considering age, race/ethnicity, diet, and season may help identify young obese children needing vitamin D management.
KW - Cardiovascular risk factors
KW - Children
KW - Insulin resistance
KW - Obesity
KW - Vitamin D
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U2 - 10.1515/jpem-2012-0244
DO - 10.1515/jpem-2012-0244
M3 - Article
C2 - 23382301
AN - SCOPUS:84878278305
SN - 0334-018X
VL - 26
SP - 97
EP - 104
JO - Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
JF - Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
IS - 1-2
ER -
