TY - JOUR
T1 - Volumetric bone mineral density and bone structure in childhood chronic kidney disease
AU - Wetzsteon, Rachel J.
AU - Kalkwarf, Heidi J.
AU - Shults, Justine
AU - Zemel, Babette S.
AU - Foster, Bethany J.
AU - Griffin, Lindsay
AU - Strife, C. Frederic
AU - Foerster, Debbie L.
AU - Jean-Pierre, Darlene K.
AU - Leonard, Mary B.
PY - 2011/9
Y1 - 2011/9
N2 - Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with increased fracture risk and skeletal deformities. The impact of CKD on volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) and cortical dimensions during growth is unknown. Tibia quantitative computed tomographic scans were obtained in 156 children with CKD [69 stages 2 to 3, 51 stages 4 to 5, and 36 stage 5D (dialysis)] and 831 healthy participants aged 5 to 21 years. Sex-, race-, and age- or tibia length-specific Z-scores were generated for trabecular BMD (TrabBMD), cortical BMD (CortBMD), cortical area (CortArea) and endosteal circumference (EndoC). Greater CKD severity was associated with a higher TrabBMD Z-score in younger participants (p<.001) compared with healthy children; this association was attenuated in older participants (interaction p<.001). Mean CortArea Z-score was lower (p<.01) in CKD 4-5 [-0.49, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.80, -0.18)] and CKD 5D (-0.49, 95% CI -0.83, -0.15) compared with healthy children. Among CKD participants, parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels were positively associated with TrabBMD Z-score (p<.01), and this association was significantly attenuated in older participants (interaction p<.05). Higher levels of PTH and biomarkers of bone formation (bone-specific alkaline phosphatase) and resorption (serum C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen) were associated with lower CortBMD and CortArea Z-scores and greater EndoC Z-score (r=0.18-0.36, all p≤.02). CortBMD Z-score was significantly lower in CKD participants with PTH levels above versus below the upper limit of the Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative (KDOQI) CKD stage-specific target range: -0.46±1.29 versus 0.12±1.14 (p<.01). In summary, childhood CKD and secondary hyperparathyroidism were associated with significant reductions in cortical area and CortBMD and greater TrabBMD in younger children. Future studies are needed to establish the fracture implications of these alterations and to determine if cortical and trabecular abnormalities are reversible.
AB - Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with increased fracture risk and skeletal deformities. The impact of CKD on volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) and cortical dimensions during growth is unknown. Tibia quantitative computed tomographic scans were obtained in 156 children with CKD [69 stages 2 to 3, 51 stages 4 to 5, and 36 stage 5D (dialysis)] and 831 healthy participants aged 5 to 21 years. Sex-, race-, and age- or tibia length-specific Z-scores were generated for trabecular BMD (TrabBMD), cortical BMD (CortBMD), cortical area (CortArea) and endosteal circumference (EndoC). Greater CKD severity was associated with a higher TrabBMD Z-score in younger participants (p<.001) compared with healthy children; this association was attenuated in older participants (interaction p<.001). Mean CortArea Z-score was lower (p<.01) in CKD 4-5 [-0.49, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.80, -0.18)] and CKD 5D (-0.49, 95% CI -0.83, -0.15) compared with healthy children. Among CKD participants, parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels were positively associated with TrabBMD Z-score (p<.01), and this association was significantly attenuated in older participants (interaction p<.05). Higher levels of PTH and biomarkers of bone formation (bone-specific alkaline phosphatase) and resorption (serum C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen) were associated with lower CortBMD and CortArea Z-scores and greater EndoC Z-score (r=0.18-0.36, all p≤.02). CortBMD Z-score was significantly lower in CKD participants with PTH levels above versus below the upper limit of the Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative (KDOQI) CKD stage-specific target range: -0.46±1.29 versus 0.12±1.14 (p<.01). In summary, childhood CKD and secondary hyperparathyroidism were associated with significant reductions in cortical area and CortBMD and greater TrabBMD in younger children. Future studies are needed to establish the fracture implications of these alterations and to determine if cortical and trabecular abnormalities are reversible.
KW - BONE QUANTITATIVE COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY
KW - CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE
KW - PARATHYROID HORMONE
KW - PEDIATRICS
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=80051997565&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=80051997565&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1002/jbmr.427
DO - 10.1002/jbmr.427
M3 - Article
C2 - 21590737
AN - SCOPUS:80051997565
SN - 0884-0431
VL - 26
SP - 2235
EP - 2244
JO - Journal of Bone and Mineral Research
JF - Journal of Bone and Mineral Research
IS - 9
ER -
