What resources do CS1 students use and how do they use them?

In this paper, we explore how students used two resources, the in-class lecture and the online newsgroup, to write computer programs. By focusing on the questions students asked in each setting, we compare these two learning environments. Questions students asked during lecture typically related to the material the instructor was presenting. In contrast, questions posted to the newsgroup focused on the problems students encountered while programming. The responses posted to the newsgroup varied from providing syntax and resources to offering emotional support. We provide data that demonstrates that the newsgroup was an invaluable resource in this course as it supplied personalized, just-in-time help that allowed students to make progress on their programming assignments.