Abstract
Children who begin wheezing during early childhood are frequently seen by health care providers in primary care, in hospitals, and in emergency departments, and by allergists and pulmonologists. When a young child, such as the 2 year-old patient presented here, is evaluated for wheezing, a frequent challenge for clinicians is to determine whether the symptoms represent transient, viral-induced wheezing or whether sufficient risk factors are present to suspect that the child may experience recurrent wheezing and develop asthma. Most factors that influence prognosis are not mutually exclusive, are interrelated (ie, cofactors), and often represent gene-environment interactions. Many of these risk factors have been, and continue to be, investigated in prospective studies to decipher their relative importance with the goal of developing new therapies and interventions in the future. The etiologies of wheezing in young children, diagnostic methods, treatment, prognostic factors, and potential targets for prevention of the development of asthma are discussed.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 537-543 |
| Number of pages | 7 |
| Journal | Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice |
| Volume | 2 |
| Issue number | 5 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - 2014 |
Funding
Conflicts of interest: E. K. Miller has received research support from the National Institutes of Health (5 K23 AI 091691-02, 1 R03 AI 101629-01), March of Dimes (5-FY12-25), and Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research award: National Center for Research Resources (Grant UL1 RR024975-01), which is now at the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (Grant 2 UL1 TR000445-06). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health or March of Dimes. E.K. Miller has also received consultancy fees from Ameda and is employed by Vanderbilt University; P. C. Avila has received research support from the National Institutes of Health (HL98096), the Ernest S. Bazley grant, Circassia , AstraZeneca , Genentech , and Novartis . B. Pelze received research support from the Ernest S. Bazley grant. N. G. Papadopoulos has received consultancy fees from Abbvie, Novartis, Menarini, Meda, ALK-Abello, and GlaxoSmithKline; has received research support from Nestle , Merck , and GlaxoSmithKline ; has received lecture fees from Novartis, Uriach, GlaxoSmithKline, Allergopharma, Stallergenes, and MSD; and has received payment for the development of educational presentations from Abbvie, Sanofi, Menarini, and Meda. P. W. Heymann has received research support from the National Institutes of Health (Grant U01-A1-100799). The rest of the authors declare that they have no relevant conflicts of interest.
Keywords
- Asthma
- Childhood
- Virus
- Wheezing
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Immunology and Allergy
