@article{26e841ae79bb4b6ba2d416615bcdd9b2,
title = "When shot-noise-limited photodetectors disobey Poisson statistics",
abstract = "Photodetectors with internal gain are of great interest for imaging applications, since internal gain reduces the effective noise of readout electronics. High-gain photodetectors have been demonstrated, but only individually rather than as a full array in a camera. Consequently, there has been little investigation of the interaction between camera complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) electronics and the slow response time that high-gain photodetectors often exhibit. Here we show that this interaction filters shot noise and causes noise statistics to differ from the common Poisson distribution. As an example, we investigate a 320 × 256 array of InGaAs/InP high-gain phototransistors bonded to a CMOS readout chip. We demonstrate the filtering effects and discuss their consequences, including new (to the best of our knowledge) methods for extracting gain and increasing dynamic range.",
author = "Jacob Rabinowitz and Mohsen Rezaei and Park, {Min Su} and Tan, {Chee Leong} and Melville Ulmer and Hooman Mohseni",
note = "Funding Information: W. M. Keck Foundation; Army Research Office (W911NF-18-1-0429). We acknowledge the use of Northwestern University's Micro/Nano Fabrication Facility (NUFAB), which is partially supported by Soft and Hybrid Nanotechnology Experimental (SHyNE) Resource (NSF ECCS-1542205), the Materials Research Science and Engineering Center (NSF DMR-1720139), the State of Illinois, and Northwestern University. We thank the FLIR company for providing ROICs and advice. We thank the rest of the Keck project advisory board (A. Bouchet, R, Burruss, E. Haung, G. Jacoby, G. Vasisht) for advice and guidance. Funding Information: Acknowledgment. We acknowledge the use of Northwestern University{\textquoteright}s Micro/Nano Fabrication Facility (NUFAB), which is partially supported by Soft and Hybrid Nanotechnology Experimental (SHyNE) Resource (NSF ECCS-1542205), the Materials Research Science and Engineering Center (NSF DMR-1720139), the State of Illinois, and Northwestern University. We thank the FLIR company for providing ROICs and advice. We thank the rest of the Keck project advisory board (A. Bouchet, R, Burruss, E. Haung, G. Jacoby, G. Vasisht) for advice and guidance. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020 Optical Society of America",
year = "2020",
month = jun,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1364/OL.389908",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "45",
pages = "3009--3012",
journal = "Optics Letters",
issn = "0146-9592",
publisher = "The Optical Society",
number = "11",
}