Wireless, Battery-Free Epidermal Electronics for Continuous, Quantitative, Multimodal Thermal Characterization of Skin

Siddharth R. Krishnan; Chun Ju Su; Zhaoqian Xie; Manish Patel; Surabhi R. Madhvapathy; Yeshou Xu; Juliet Freudman; Barry Ng; Seung Yun Heo; Heling Wang; Tyler R. Ray; John Leshock; Izabela Stankiewicz; Xue Feng; Yonggang Huang; Philipp Gutruf; John A. Rogers

doi:10.1002/smll.201803192

Wireless, Battery-Free Epidermal Electronics for Continuous, Quantitative, Multimodal Thermal Characterization of Skin

Siddharth R. Krishnan, Chun Ju Su, Zhaoqian Xie, Manish Patel, Surabhi R. Madhvapathy, Yeshou Xu, Juliet Freudman, Barry Ng, Seung Yun Heo, Heling Wang, Tyler R. Ray, John Leshock, Izabela Stankiewicz, Xue Feng, Yonggang Huang, Philipp Gutruf^*, John A. Rogers

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

87 Scopus citations

Abstract

Precise, quantitative measurements of the thermal properties of human skin can yield insights into thermoregulatory function, hydration, blood perfusion, wound healing, and other parameters of clinical interest. The need for wired power supply systems and data communication hardware limits, however, practical applicability of existing devices designed for measurements of this type. Here, a set of advanced materials, mechanics designs, integration schemes, and wireless circuits is reported as the basis for wireless, battery-free sensors that softly interface to the skin to enable precise measurements of its temperature and thermal transport properties. Calibration processes connect these parameters to the hydration state of the skin, the dynamics of near-surface flow through blood vessels and implanted catheters, and to recovery processes following trauma. Systematic engineering studies yield quantitative metrics in precision and reliability in real-world conditions. Evaluations on five human subjects demonstrate the capabilities in measurements of skin hydration and injury, including examples of continuous wear and monitoring over a period of 1 week, without disrupting natural daily activities.

Original language	English (US)
Article number	1803192
Journal	Small
Volume	14
Issue number	47
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201803192
State	Published - Nov 22 2018

Funding

The authors would like to acknowledge funding support provided by the Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics at Northwestern University. Z.X. acknowledges the support National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.11402134). X.F. acknowledges the support from the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2015CB351900) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11320101001). Y.H. acknowledges the support from NSF (Grant Nos. 1400169, 1534120, and 1635443). The authors thank Dr. Shuai Xu and Anthony Banks for fruitful discussions, and Dr. Jonathan Reeder for help with taking high quality images. This work utilized Northwestern University Micro/Nano Fabrication Facility (NUFAB), which was partially supported by Soft and Hybrid Nanotechnology Experimental (SHyNE) Resource (NSF ECCS-1542205), the Materials Research Science and Engineering Center (NSF DMR-1720139), the State of Illinois, and Northwestern University.

Keywords

NFC
epidermal electronics
hydration
thermal sensing
wireless electronics

ASJC Scopus subject areas

General Chemistry
Engineering (miscellaneous)
Biotechnology
General Materials Science
Biomaterials

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10.1002/smll.201803192

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Krishnan, S. R., Su, C. J., Xie, Z., Patel, M., Madhvapathy, S. R., Xu, Y., Freudman, J., Ng, B., Heo, S. Y., Wang, H., Ray, T. R., Leshock, J., Stankiewicz, I., Feng, X., Huang, Y., Gutruf, P., & Rogers, J. A. (2018). Wireless, Battery-Free Epidermal Electronics for Continuous, Quantitative, Multimodal Thermal Characterization of Skin. Small, 14(47), Article 1803192. https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201803192

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title = "Wireless, Battery-Free Epidermal Electronics for Continuous, Quantitative, Multimodal Thermal Characterization of Skin",

abstract = "Precise, quantitative measurements of the thermal properties of human skin can yield insights into thermoregulatory function, hydration, blood perfusion, wound healing, and other parameters of clinical interest. The need for wired power supply systems and data communication hardware limits, however, practical applicability of existing devices designed for measurements of this type. Here, a set of advanced materials, mechanics designs, integration schemes, and wireless circuits is reported as the basis for wireless, battery-free sensors that softly interface to the skin to enable precise measurements of its temperature and thermal transport properties. Calibration processes connect these parameters to the hydration state of the skin, the dynamics of near-surface flow through blood vessels and implanted catheters, and to recovery processes following trauma. Systematic engineering studies yield quantitative metrics in precision and reliability in real-world conditions. Evaluations on five human subjects demonstrate the capabilities in measurements of skin hydration and injury, including examples of continuous wear and monitoring over a period of 1 week, without disrupting natural daily activities.",

keywords = "NFC, epidermal electronics, hydration, thermal sensing, wireless electronics",

author = "Krishnan, {Siddharth R.} and Su, {Chun Ju} and Zhaoqian Xie and Manish Patel and Madhvapathy, {Surabhi R.} and Yeshou Xu and Juliet Freudman and Barry Ng and Heo, {Seung Yun} and Heling Wang and Ray, {Tyler R.} and John Leshock and Izabela Stankiewicz and Xue Feng and Yonggang Huang and Philipp Gutruf and Rogers, {John A.}",

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year = "2018",

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Krishnan, SR, Su, CJ, Xie, Z, Patel, M, Madhvapathy, SR, Xu, Y, Freudman, J, Ng, B, Heo, SY, Wang, H, Ray, TR, Leshock, J, Stankiewicz, I, Feng, X, Huang, Y, Gutruf, P & Rogers, JA 2018, 'Wireless, Battery-Free Epidermal Electronics for Continuous, Quantitative, Multimodal Thermal Characterization of Skin', Small, vol. 14, no. 47, 1803192. https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201803192

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AU - Krishnan, Siddharth R.

AU - Su, Chun Ju

AU - Xie, Zhaoqian

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AU - Madhvapathy, Surabhi R.

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AU - Freudman, Juliet

AU - Ng, Barry

AU - Heo, Seung Yun

AU - Wang, Heling

AU - Ray, Tyler R.

AU - Leshock, John

AU - Stankiewicz, Izabela

AU - Feng, Xue

AU - Huang, Yonggang

AU - Gutruf, Philipp

AU - Rogers, John A.

PY - 2018/11/22

Y1 - 2018/11/22

N2 - Precise, quantitative measurements of the thermal properties of human skin can yield insights into thermoregulatory function, hydration, blood perfusion, wound healing, and other parameters of clinical interest. The need for wired power supply systems and data communication hardware limits, however, practical applicability of existing devices designed for measurements of this type. Here, a set of advanced materials, mechanics designs, integration schemes, and wireless circuits is reported as the basis for wireless, battery-free sensors that softly interface to the skin to enable precise measurements of its temperature and thermal transport properties. Calibration processes connect these parameters to the hydration state of the skin, the dynamics of near-surface flow through blood vessels and implanted catheters, and to recovery processes following trauma. Systematic engineering studies yield quantitative metrics in precision and reliability in real-world conditions. Evaluations on five human subjects demonstrate the capabilities in measurements of skin hydration and injury, including examples of continuous wear and monitoring over a period of 1 week, without disrupting natural daily activities.

AB - Precise, quantitative measurements of the thermal properties of human skin can yield insights into thermoregulatory function, hydration, blood perfusion, wound healing, and other parameters of clinical interest. The need for wired power supply systems and data communication hardware limits, however, practical applicability of existing devices designed for measurements of this type. Here, a set of advanced materials, mechanics designs, integration schemes, and wireless circuits is reported as the basis for wireless, battery-free sensors that softly interface to the skin to enable precise measurements of its temperature and thermal transport properties. Calibration processes connect these parameters to the hydration state of the skin, the dynamics of near-surface flow through blood vessels and implanted catheters, and to recovery processes following trauma. Systematic engineering studies yield quantitative metrics in precision and reliability in real-world conditions. Evaluations on five human subjects demonstrate the capabilities in measurements of skin hydration and injury, including examples of continuous wear and monitoring over a period of 1 week, without disrupting natural daily activities.

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Wireless, Battery-Free Epidermal Electronics for Continuous, Quantitative, Multimodal Thermal Characterization of Skin

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Keywords

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