Wireless, battery-free, subdermally implantable platforms for transcranial and long-range optogenetics in freely moving animals

Jokubas Ausra; Mingzheng Wu; Xin Zhang; Abraham Vázquez-Guardado; Patrick Skelton; Roberto Peralta; Raudel Avila; Thomas Murickan; Chad R. Haney; Yonggang Huang; John A. Rogers; Yevgenia Kozorovitskiy; Philipp Gutruf

doi:10.1073/pnas.2025775118

Wireless, battery-free, subdermally implantable platforms for transcranial and long-range optogenetics in freely moving animals

Jokubas Ausra, Mingzheng Wu, Xin Zhang, Abraham Vázquez-Guardado, Patrick Skelton, Roberto Peralta, Raudel Avila, Thomas Murickan, Chad R. Haney, Yonggang Huang, John A. Rogers^*, Yevgenia Kozorovitskiy, Philipp Gutruf

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

44 Scopus citations

Abstract

Wireless, battery-free, and fully subdermally implantable optogenetic tools are poised to transform neurobiological research in freely moving animals. Current-generation wireless devices are sufficiently small, thin, and light for subdermal implantation, offering some advantages over tethered methods for naturalistic behavior. Yet current devices using wireless power delivery require invasive stimulus delivery, penetrating the skull and disrupting the blood–brain barrier. This can cause tissue displacement, neuronal damage, and scarring. Power delivery constraints also sharply curtail operational arena size. Here, we implement highly miniaturized, capacitive power storage on the platform of wireless subdermal implants. With approaches to digitally manage power delivery to optoelectronic components, we enable two classes of applications: transcranial optogenetic activation millimeters into the brain (validated using motor cortex stimulation to induce turning behaviors) and wireless optogenetics in arenas of more than 1 m² in size. This methodology allows for previously impossible behavioral experiments leveraging the modern optogenetic toolkit.

Original language	English (US)
Article number	e2025775118
Journal	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Volume	118
Issue number	30
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2025775118
State	Published - Jul 27 2021

Funding

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. We acknowledge the work and help of Anlil Brikha and Emily Waters of the Center for Advanced Molecular Imaging who performed the CT and MRI imaging. P.G. acknowledges Biomedical Engineering Department startup funds. J.A. acknowledges the support of National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Grant No. 5T32HL007955-19. Y.K. acknowledges the support of National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Grant R01NS107539, National Institute of Mental Health Grant No. R01MH117111, the Searle Scholar Award, the Beckman Young Investigator Award, and the Rita Allen Foundation Scholar Award. M.W. was supported as an affiliate fellow of the NIH T32 AG20506.

Keywords

Implantable
Long-range
Optogenetic
Transcranial
Wireless

ASJC Scopus subject areas

General

Access to Document

10.1073/pnas.2025775118

Cite this

Ausra, J., Wu, M., Zhang, X., Vázquez-Guardado, A., Skelton, P., Peralta, R., Avila, R., Murickan, T., Haney, C. R., Huang, Y., Rogers, J. A., Kozorovitskiy, Y., & Gutruf, P. (2021). Wireless, battery-free, subdermally implantable platforms for transcranial and long-range optogenetics in freely moving animals. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 118(30), Article e2025775118. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2025775118

@article{2ad0fdfe0fcb4981bcbc92ec5a669f7b,

title = "Wireless, battery-free, subdermally implantable platforms for transcranial and long-range optogenetics in freely moving animals",

abstract = "Wireless, battery-free, and fully subdermally implantable optogenetic tools are poised to transform neurobiological research in freely moving animals. Current-generation wireless devices are sufficiently small, thin, and light for subdermal implantation, offering some advantages over tethered methods for naturalistic behavior. Yet current devices using wireless power delivery require invasive stimulus delivery, penetrating the skull and disrupting the blood–brain barrier. This can cause tissue displacement, neuronal damage, and scarring. Power delivery constraints also sharply curtail operational arena size. Here, we implement highly miniaturized, capacitive power storage on the platform of wireless subdermal implants. With approaches to digitally manage power delivery to optoelectronic components, we enable two classes of applications: transcranial optogenetic activation millimeters into the brain (validated using motor cortex stimulation to induce turning behaviors) and wireless optogenetics in arenas of more than 1 m2 in size. This methodology allows for previously impossible behavioral experiments leveraging the modern optogenetic toolkit.",

keywords = "Implantable, Long-range, Optogenetic, Transcranial, Wireless",

author = "Jokubas Ausra and Mingzheng Wu and Xin Zhang and Abraham V{\'a}zquez-Guardado and Patrick Skelton and Roberto Peralta and Raudel Avila and Thomas Murickan and Haney, {Chad R.} and Yonggang Huang and Rogers, {John A.} and Yevgenia Kozorovitskiy and Philipp Gutruf",

note = "Funding Information: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. We acknowledge the work and help of Anlil Brikha and Emily Waters of the Center for Advanced Molecular Imaging who performed the CT and MRI imaging. P.G. acknowledges Biomedical Engineering Department startup funds. J.A. acknowledges the support of National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Grant No. 5T32HL007955-19. Y.K. acknowledges the support of National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Grant R01NS107539, National Institute of Mental Health Grant No. R01MH117111, the Searle Scholar Award, the Beckman Young Investigator Award, and the Rita Allen Foundation Scholar Award. M.W. was supported as an affiliate fellow of the NIH T32 AG20506. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.",

year = "2021",

month = jul,

day = "27",

doi = "10.1073/pnas.2025775118",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "118",

journal = "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America",

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Ausra, J, Wu, M, Zhang, X, Vázquez-Guardado, A, Skelton, P, Peralta, R, Avila, R, Murickan, T, Haney, CR , Huang, Y , Rogers, JA , Kozorovitskiy, Y & Gutruf, P 2021, 'Wireless, battery-free, subdermally implantable platforms for transcranial and long-range optogenetics in freely moving animals', Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol. 118, no. 30, e2025775118. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2025775118

Wireless, battery-free, subdermally implantable platforms for transcranial and long-range optogenetics in freely moving animals. / Ausra, Jokubas; Wu, Mingzheng; Zhang, Xin et al.
In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Vol. 118, No. 30, e2025775118, 27.07.2021.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

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AU - Ausra, Jokubas

AU - Wu, Mingzheng

AU - Zhang, Xin

AU - Vázquez-Guardado, Abraham

AU - Skelton, Patrick

AU - Peralta, Roberto

AU - Avila, Raudel

AU - Murickan, Thomas

AU - Haney, Chad R.

AU - Huang, Yonggang

AU - Rogers, John A.

AU - Kozorovitskiy, Yevgenia

AU - Gutruf, Philipp

N1 - Funding Information: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. We acknowledge the work and help of Anlil Brikha and Emily Waters of the Center for Advanced Molecular Imaging who performed the CT and MRI imaging. P.G. acknowledges Biomedical Engineering Department startup funds. J.A. acknowledges the support of National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Grant No. 5T32HL007955-19. Y.K. acknowledges the support of National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Grant R01NS107539, National Institute of Mental Health Grant No. R01MH117111, the Searle Scholar Award, the Beckman Young Investigator Award, and the Rita Allen Foundation Scholar Award. M.W. was supported as an affiliate fellow of the NIH T32 AG20506. Publisher Copyright: © 2021 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.

PY - 2021/7/27

Y1 - 2021/7/27

N2 - Wireless, battery-free, and fully subdermally implantable optogenetic tools are poised to transform neurobiological research in freely moving animals. Current-generation wireless devices are sufficiently small, thin, and light for subdermal implantation, offering some advantages over tethered methods for naturalistic behavior. Yet current devices using wireless power delivery require invasive stimulus delivery, penetrating the skull and disrupting the blood–brain barrier. This can cause tissue displacement, neuronal damage, and scarring. Power delivery constraints also sharply curtail operational arena size. Here, we implement highly miniaturized, capacitive power storage on the platform of wireless subdermal implants. With approaches to digitally manage power delivery to optoelectronic components, we enable two classes of applications: transcranial optogenetic activation millimeters into the brain (validated using motor cortex stimulation to induce turning behaviors) and wireless optogenetics in arenas of more than 1 m2 in size. This methodology allows for previously impossible behavioral experiments leveraging the modern optogenetic toolkit.

AB - Wireless, battery-free, and fully subdermally implantable optogenetic tools are poised to transform neurobiological research in freely moving animals. Current-generation wireless devices are sufficiently small, thin, and light for subdermal implantation, offering some advantages over tethered methods for naturalistic behavior. Yet current devices using wireless power delivery require invasive stimulus delivery, penetrating the skull and disrupting the blood–brain barrier. This can cause tissue displacement, neuronal damage, and scarring. Power delivery constraints also sharply curtail operational arena size. Here, we implement highly miniaturized, capacitive power storage on the platform of wireless subdermal implants. With approaches to digitally manage power delivery to optoelectronic components, we enable two classes of applications: transcranial optogenetic activation millimeters into the brain (validated using motor cortex stimulation to induce turning behaviors) and wireless optogenetics in arenas of more than 1 m2 in size. This methodology allows for previously impossible behavioral experiments leveraging the modern optogenetic toolkit.

KW - Implantable

KW - Long-range

KW - Optogenetic

KW - Transcranial

KW - Wireless

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Wireless, battery-free, subdermally implantable platforms for transcranial and long-range optogenetics in freely moving animals

Abstract

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Keywords

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